1 00:02:13,990 --> 00:02:11,510 [Music] 2 00:02:15,350 --> 00:02:14,000 [Applause] 3 00:02:18,270 --> 00:02:15,360 bespoke radio 4 00:02:19,910 --> 00:02:18,280 for the masses headline edition july 8 5 00:02:21,670 --> 00:02:19,920 1947 6 00:02:23,750 --> 00:02:21,680 the army air force's has announced that 7 00:02:26,070 --> 00:02:23,760 a flying beast has been found and 8 00:02:27,270 --> 00:02:26,080 is now in the possession of the army if 9 00:02:30,630 --> 00:02:27,280 the game is rigged 10 00:02:33,750 --> 00:02:30,640 change the game game changer 11 00:02:37,110 --> 00:02:33,760 i occasionally think how quickly our 12 00:02:39,830 --> 00:02:37,120 differences worldwide would vanish 13 00:02:40,630 --> 00:02:39,840 if we were facing an alien threat from 14 00:02:46,070 --> 00:02:40,640 outside 15 00:02:52,229 --> 00:02:50,070 this is with your host jimmy church on 16 00:02:58,309 --> 00:02:52,239 the game changer radio network 17 00:02:58,319 --> 00:03:02,830 i need your help to get to the year 18 00:03:02,840 --> 00:03:07,430 1985. 19 00:03:19,830 --> 00:03:09,430 you are listening to fate to flag with 20 00:03:21,100 --> 00:03:19,840 jimmy church on the game changer network 21 00:03:24,869 --> 00:03:21,110 good evening 22 00:03:30,149 --> 00:03:24,879 [Music] 23 00:03:37,910 --> 00:03:33,509 bespoke radio 24 00:03:46,020 --> 00:03:42,390 masses yeah man how you doing today 25 00:03:54,630 --> 00:03:46,030 today is wednesday january 6 2021. 26 00:03:56,780 --> 00:03:54,640 [Music] 27 00:03:58,309 --> 00:03:56,790 six days into the new year 28 00:04:01,860 --> 00:03:58,319 [Music] 29 00:04:06,149 --> 00:04:01,870 only 300 359 days left 30 00:04:09,509 --> 00:04:07,560 we are live 31 00:04:12,710 --> 00:04:09,519 [Music] 32 00:04:14,070 --> 00:04:12,720 from a bunker a bunker that is somewhere 33 00:04:17,430 --> 00:04:14,080 in the middle of beautiful downtown 34 00:04:17,440 --> 00:04:23,749 in the united states of america 35 00:04:29,830 --> 00:04:26,390 i would like to welcome everybody 36 00:04:32,310 --> 00:04:29,840 listening all around the world 37 00:04:33,830 --> 00:04:32,320 all across the united states 38 00:04:35,830 --> 00:04:33,840 [Music] 39 00:04:36,870 --> 00:04:35,840 hither and tether to and fro back and 40 00:04:40,469 --> 00:04:36,880 forth up and down 41 00:04:43,670 --> 00:04:40,479 east and west north and south 42 00:04:47,110 --> 00:04:43,680 far and near 43 00:04:50,390 --> 00:04:47,120 this is fade to black for kjcr the game 44 00:04:55,590 --> 00:04:50,400 changer network and kg are a the planets 45 00:05:01,909 --> 00:04:58,170 how you doing all right 46 00:05:05,029 --> 00:05:01,919 [Music] 47 00:05:09,029 --> 00:05:05,039 tonight we have very special guests 48 00:05:10,469 --> 00:05:09,039 joining us isaac arthur is here 49 00:05:12,150 --> 00:05:10,479 isaac arthur is here he's going to be 50 00:05:15,590 --> 00:05:12,160 with us at the bottom of 51 00:05:17,270 --> 00:05:15,600 the hour we all know about the events of 52 00:05:19,110 --> 00:05:17,280 today 53 00:05:20,310 --> 00:05:19,120 i want to remind everybody that tomorrow 54 00:05:23,029 --> 00:05:20,320 night is another 55 00:05:24,629 --> 00:05:23,039 fader night with open lines all night 56 00:05:28,950 --> 00:05:24,639 long okay so 57 00:05:33,510 --> 00:05:28,960 we will deal with the events of today 58 00:05:37,270 --> 00:05:33,520 tomorrow all right 59 00:05:43,189 --> 00:05:40,710 crazy day and uh yes 60 00:05:44,870 --> 00:05:43,199 i will be speaking about all of it in 61 00:05:48,310 --> 00:05:44,880 just a minute 62 00:05:50,710 --> 00:05:48,320 and uh before we get there i want to 63 00:05:51,990 --> 00:05:50,720 i want to remind everybody uh a few 64 00:05:55,749 --> 00:05:52,000 things i've got to keep the 65 00:05:57,510 --> 00:05:55,759 lights on here at uh fade to black 66 00:05:59,670 --> 00:05:57,520 in the game changer network and we do 67 00:06:03,510 --> 00:05:59,680 that with our sponsors 68 00:06:06,390 --> 00:06:03,520 and uh especially today and this show 69 00:06:08,629 --> 00:06:06,400 going on the air tonight it only happens 70 00:06:12,990 --> 00:06:08,639 with our great sponsors 71 00:06:14,950 --> 00:06:13,000 okay and that is river moon coffee 72 00:06:15,670 --> 00:06:14,960 rivermoonwellness.com that is get the 73 00:06:23,590 --> 00:06:15,680 tea 74 00:06:26,150 --> 00:06:23,600 okay uh billy carson 75 00:06:28,390 --> 00:06:26,160 forbidden knowledge forbidden knowledge 76 00:06:31,670 --> 00:06:28,400 dot tv 77 00:06:34,710 --> 00:06:31,680 very important sponsors of this show 78 00:06:38,870 --> 00:06:34,720 talk stream live bill freeze 79 00:06:42,150 --> 00:06:38,880 very important sponsors of this show 80 00:06:48,150 --> 00:06:42,160 my patriot supply my 81 00:06:51,029 --> 00:06:48,160 patriot supply virtual shield vpn 82 00:06:51,909 --> 00:06:51,039 visit all of our sponsors there's more 83 00:06:56,150 --> 00:06:51,919 but visit 84 00:06:59,189 --> 00:06:56,160 all of our sponsors 85 00:07:02,390 --> 00:06:59,199 all right all right uh 86 00:07:05,990 --> 00:07:02,400 crazy day crazy day i want you to 87 00:07:08,029 --> 00:07:06,000 all take the time uh during the show 88 00:07:10,150 --> 00:07:08,039 after the show uh head over to 89 00:07:10,390 --> 00:07:10,160 jimmychurchradio.com all of our sponsors 90 00:07:14,070 --> 00:07:10,400 are 91 00:07:16,950 --> 00:07:14,080 there click on the links and 92 00:07:17,270 --> 00:07:16,960 uh support the show support our sponsors 93 00:07:19,270 --> 00:07:17,280 uh 94 00:07:20,870 --> 00:07:19,280 they are here because of you the fader 95 00:07:25,189 --> 00:07:20,880 knots 96 00:07:29,029 --> 00:07:25,199 okay all right let's get straight to it 97 00:07:31,670 --> 00:07:29,039 follow me on twitter at j church radio 98 00:07:32,710 --> 00:07:31,680 you can start there at j church radio 99 00:07:34,629 --> 00:07:32,720 the sandbox 100 00:07:37,189 --> 00:07:34,639 any questions or comments anything you 101 00:07:40,230 --> 00:07:37,199 want to join in on the conversation 102 00:07:42,830 --> 00:07:40,240 f2b on twitter any questions during the 103 00:07:45,909 --> 00:07:42,840 show tonight just use hashtag 104 00:07:47,510 --> 00:07:45,919 f2bq all right we've got isaac arthur 105 00:07:48,869 --> 00:07:47,520 with us at the bottom of the hour 106 00:07:50,550 --> 00:07:48,879 we're going to be talking about physics 107 00:07:52,629 --> 00:07:50,560 and science and 108 00:07:55,189 --> 00:07:52,639 the fermi paradox the expansion of the 109 00:07:58,550 --> 00:07:55,199 universe faster than light travel 110 00:08:00,629 --> 00:07:58,560 oh lots of e.t talk all of that 111 00:08:02,150 --> 00:08:00,639 is uh going down tonight with isaac 112 00:08:03,990 --> 00:08:02,160 arthur and i'm gonna tell you right now 113 00:08:05,670 --> 00:08:04,000 i've never been more excited to have a 114 00:08:08,790 --> 00:08:05,680 guest on the show 115 00:08:10,230 --> 00:08:08,800 than i do tonight almost canceled the 116 00:08:12,629 --> 00:08:10,240 show 117 00:08:14,950 --> 00:08:12,639 thought about it and then i thought do 118 00:08:17,990 --> 00:08:14,960 we go to open lines do we 119 00:08:21,430 --> 00:08:18,000 do we move isaac uh forward 120 00:08:24,469 --> 00:08:21,440 in into the month uh do we do that 121 00:08:27,990 --> 00:08:24,479 or do we just do 122 00:08:31,589 --> 00:08:28,000 the show so we're doing the show 123 00:08:36,630 --> 00:08:34,550 a rioting trump mob invaded the united 124 00:08:37,110 --> 00:08:36,640 states capitol building today while the 125 00:08:40,389 --> 00:08:37,120 joint 126 00:08:43,389 --> 00:08:40,399 session was counting the electoral votes 127 00:08:45,190 --> 00:08:43,399 for president-elect joe biden and vice 128 00:08:48,389 --> 00:08:45,200 president-elect 129 00:08:49,110 --> 00:08:48,399 kamala harris the building has been 130 00:08:51,829 --> 00:08:49,120 cleared and 131 00:08:53,910 --> 00:08:51,839 is now secure and the rioters are being 132 00:08:54,949 --> 00:08:53,920 removed from the streets of washington 133 00:08:57,910 --> 00:08:54,959 d.c 134 00:08:58,870 --> 00:08:57,920 and the joint session is now back 135 00:09:01,590 --> 00:08:58,880 underway 136 00:09:02,550 --> 00:09:01,600 tonight hopefully this time to complete 137 00:09:05,750 --> 00:09:02,560 the counting 138 00:09:08,790 --> 00:09:05,760 for biden and harris 139 00:09:11,110 --> 00:09:08,800 next up this all went down yesterday and 140 00:09:13,190 --> 00:09:11,120 concluded today 141 00:09:15,990 --> 00:09:13,200 the great state of georgia georgians 142 00:09:18,710 --> 00:09:16,000 elected john ossoff and the reverend 143 00:09:19,670 --> 00:09:18,720 rafael warnock to the united states 144 00:09:21,509 --> 00:09:19,680 senate 145 00:09:22,710 --> 00:09:21,519 giving the democratic party control of 146 00:09:24,550 --> 00:09:22,720 the house the senate 147 00:09:25,750 --> 00:09:24,560 and the white house for the first time 148 00:09:27,910 --> 00:09:25,760 in a decade 149 00:09:29,750 --> 00:09:27,920 giving president-elect joe biden the 150 00:09:32,630 --> 00:09:29,760 power to potentially enact 151 00:09:34,630 --> 00:09:32,640 sweeping liberal legislation and push 152 00:09:37,590 --> 00:09:34,640 through cabinet nominations without 153 00:09:38,150 --> 00:09:37,600 republican support the senate's party 154 00:09:41,990 --> 00:09:38,160 split 155 00:09:46,150 --> 00:09:42,000 will be 50 50 with vice president-elect 156 00:09:48,870 --> 00:09:46,160 kamala harris breaking the thai votes 157 00:09:51,590 --> 00:09:48,880 dramatic day today dramatic day 158 00:09:54,389 --> 00:09:51,600 yesterday 159 00:09:56,070 --> 00:09:54,399 and then right before the show the drama 160 00:09:59,750 --> 00:09:56,080 continues 161 00:10:03,190 --> 00:09:59,760 twitter has locked president trump's 162 00:10:05,350 --> 00:10:03,200 account for repeatedly violating its 163 00:10:05,829 --> 00:10:05,360 rules and posts about the capitol hill 164 00:10:09,590 --> 00:10:05,839 breach 165 00:10:11,590 --> 00:10:09,600 earlier today and it will remain locked 166 00:10:14,710 --> 00:10:11,600 for 12 hours 167 00:10:15,910 --> 00:10:14,720 and then will further remain locked 168 00:10:19,430 --> 00:10:15,920 until the president 169 00:10:20,069 --> 00:10:19,440 takes down the post the posts in 170 00:10:22,710 --> 00:10:20,079 question 171 00:10:25,030 --> 00:10:22,720 are labeled quote this tweet is no 172 00:10:25,750 --> 00:10:25,040 longer available because it violated the 173 00:10:33,030 --> 00:10:25,760 twitter 174 00:10:36,150 --> 00:10:33,040 that the next step would be a ban placed 175 00:10:38,389 --> 00:10:36,160 on his verified account saying quote 176 00:10:39,670 --> 00:10:38,399 future violations will result in 177 00:10:42,550 --> 00:10:39,680 permanent suspension 178 00:10:44,630 --> 00:10:42,560 of the real donald trump account end 179 00:10:48,949 --> 00:10:44,640 quote that is directly 180 00:10:51,670 --> 00:10:48,959 from twitter and then facebook 181 00:10:52,870 --> 00:10:51,680 also blocked trump from posting on its 182 00:10:56,150 --> 00:10:52,880 platform 183 00:10:59,990 --> 00:10:56,160 for the next 24 hours 184 00:11:04,870 --> 00:11:00,000 trump will also face a 24-hour block 185 00:11:10,310 --> 00:11:08,550 dramatic day let's get the show cracking 186 00:11:14,310 --> 00:11:10,320 happy birthday to today 187 00:11:17,990 --> 00:11:14,320 the fabulous thunderbirds kim wilson 188 00:11:20,150 --> 00:11:18,000 today is 70 tough enough 189 00:11:21,269 --> 00:11:20,160 love the fabulous thunderbirds jimmy 190 00:11:23,750 --> 00:11:21,279 vaughn 191 00:11:26,470 --> 00:11:23,760 our dead guy's birthday today is sid 192 00:11:29,590 --> 00:11:26,480 barrett 1946 to 2006 193 00:11:33,190 --> 00:11:29,600 died at the age of 60 sid co-founded 194 00:11:35,829 --> 00:11:33,200 the band pink floyd in 1965 barrett 195 00:11:37,509 --> 00:11:35,839 also named the group and was their 196 00:11:39,190 --> 00:11:37,519 original front man and primary 197 00:11:42,389 --> 00:11:39,200 songwriter becoming known 198 00:11:45,990 --> 00:11:42,399 for his english accented singing and 199 00:11:48,949 --> 00:11:46,000 literary influences he was musically 200 00:11:51,430 --> 00:11:48,959 active for only about 10 years with pink 201 00:11:53,509 --> 00:11:51,440 floyd he recorded their debut album 202 00:11:55,590 --> 00:11:53,519 the piper at the gates of dawn and 203 00:11:58,710 --> 00:11:55,600 portions of their second album 204 00:12:01,350 --> 00:11:58,720 a saucer full of secrets pink floyd 205 00:12:05,269 --> 00:12:01,360 recorded several tributes and homages uh 206 00:12:07,990 --> 00:12:05,279 to sid including the 1975 207 00:12:10,790 --> 00:12:08,000 shine on you crazy diamond and of course 208 00:12:14,550 --> 00:12:10,800 the 1979 rock opera 209 00:12:17,750 --> 00:12:14,560 the wall sid died at home in cambridge 210 00:12:21,990 --> 00:12:17,760 on july 7 2006 from 211 00:12:23,910 --> 00:12:22,000 pancreatic cancer he was 60 years old 212 00:12:27,829 --> 00:12:23,920 happy birthday sid barrett on this day 213 00:12:32,230 --> 00:12:27,839 in history otd 1994 214 00:12:35,190 --> 00:12:32,240 skater nancy kerrigan is attacked 215 00:12:36,550 --> 00:12:35,200 two days before the olympic trials on 216 00:12:41,430 --> 00:12:36,560 this day in 1994 217 00:12:46,470 --> 00:12:41,440 fader fact yeah this is a crazy one 218 00:12:49,829 --> 00:12:46,480 it's unbelievable but it's true in 2016 219 00:12:52,069 --> 00:12:49,839 eden a british reality show about 220 00:12:53,430 --> 00:12:52,079 surviving the wilderness of the scottish 221 00:12:56,790 --> 00:12:53,440 highlands 222 00:12:59,829 --> 00:12:56,800 was cancelled after just four 223 00:13:01,750 --> 00:12:59,839 episodes the producers 224 00:13:03,110 --> 00:13:01,760 decided not to tell the contestants that 225 00:13:05,350 --> 00:13:03,120 the show had ended 226 00:13:06,949 --> 00:13:05,360 and allowed them to continue living in 227 00:13:12,150 --> 00:13:06,959 the wilderness 228 00:13:19,430 --> 00:13:16,949 and that that is your fader fact 229 00:13:20,389 --> 00:13:19,440 all right tonight we have on the show 230 00:13:22,069 --> 00:13:20,399 isaac arthur 231 00:13:24,230 --> 00:13:22,079 i've been talking about this show all 232 00:13:27,430 --> 00:13:24,240 week um 233 00:13:29,030 --> 00:13:27,440 having isaac stop by for me is is one of 234 00:13:30,949 --> 00:13:29,040 my guilty pleasures 235 00:13:32,870 --> 00:13:30,959 uh everybody out there knows how i feel 236 00:13:36,030 --> 00:13:32,880 about physics and science and 237 00:13:38,550 --> 00:13:36,040 and isaac in general and of course his 238 00:13:40,629 --> 00:13:38,560 amazingly great youtube channel future 239 00:13:45,590 --> 00:13:40,639 science with isaac arthur 240 00:13:48,790 --> 00:13:45,600 and i i found isaac at the beginning 241 00:13:51,590 --> 00:13:48,800 uh when he first launched uh his 242 00:13:52,790 --> 00:13:51,600 his channel and at that time he had he 243 00:13:55,990 --> 00:13:52,800 had up 244 00:13:58,069 --> 00:13:56,000 uh i you know i don't know maybe a dozen 245 00:13:59,910 --> 00:13:58,079 or two dozen videos 246 00:14:02,470 --> 00:13:59,920 but i watched him over and over again 247 00:14:06,069 --> 00:14:02,480 and it was his original fermi paradox 248 00:14:07,670 --> 00:14:06,079 series and like the first one was like 249 00:14:09,670 --> 00:14:07,680 i can't remember but it seems like it 250 00:14:12,710 --> 00:14:09,680 was two or three hours long 251 00:14:15,829 --> 00:14:12,720 a very very deep 252 00:14:17,430 --> 00:14:15,839 uh video and i listened to it over and 253 00:14:20,550 --> 00:14:17,440 over and over again drove 254 00:14:22,710 --> 00:14:20,560 rita crazy and 255 00:14:25,189 --> 00:14:22,720 i was like i gotta i gotta reach out to 256 00:14:28,310 --> 00:14:25,199 this guy 257 00:14:31,350 --> 00:14:28,320 isaac has got a grip he gets it 258 00:14:34,389 --> 00:14:31,360 he understands it and 259 00:14:35,509 --> 00:14:34,399 and he's been on with this uh for for so 260 00:14:37,189 --> 00:14:35,519 many years now but 261 00:14:38,949 --> 00:14:37,199 this is the thing i have such great 262 00:14:42,389 --> 00:14:38,959 respect for isaac 263 00:14:45,590 --> 00:14:42,399 and uh out there chasing down 264 00:14:47,269 --> 00:14:45,600 physicists and and acquiring knowledge 265 00:14:49,670 --> 00:14:47,279 uh just let me say this so you 266 00:14:49,990 --> 00:14:49,680 understand how important it is for me to 267 00:14:52,710 --> 00:14:50,000 have 268 00:14:53,750 --> 00:14:52,720 isaac on the show is that when you do 269 00:14:56,069 --> 00:14:53,760 what i do 270 00:14:57,590 --> 00:14:56,079 which is you're investigating ufos and 271 00:14:58,069 --> 00:14:57,600 you're wondering about things and that 272 00:15:00,310 --> 00:14:58,079 includes 273 00:15:01,910 --> 00:15:00,320 the past and the in the in the distant 274 00:15:04,790 --> 00:15:01,920 past and us 275 00:15:06,150 --> 00:15:04,800 in our dna and in homo sapiens sapien 276 00:15:08,629 --> 00:15:06,160 there's all of that and then 277 00:15:10,150 --> 00:15:08,639 and then you look to the stars and the 278 00:15:12,470 --> 00:15:10,160 more that you research and you see 279 00:15:16,470 --> 00:15:12,480 something strange in the sky and 280 00:15:21,350 --> 00:15:19,750 the more that you are pushed into the 281 00:15:25,350 --> 00:15:21,360 hard sciences 282 00:15:28,949 --> 00:15:25,360 like i have 283 00:15:31,030 --> 00:15:28,959 and any of you any of you if you ever 284 00:15:33,430 --> 00:15:31,040 want to call my bs 285 00:15:35,110 --> 00:15:33,440 you can reach out to rita right 286 00:15:39,030 --> 00:15:35,120 conference pull her aside 287 00:15:42,470 --> 00:15:39,040 how much does jimmy research 288 00:15:46,470 --> 00:15:42,480 physics and she's going to tell you 289 00:15:48,069 --> 00:15:46,480 it's hours every single day 290 00:15:50,790 --> 00:15:48,079 i'm not a physicist i don't even 291 00:15:54,069 --> 00:15:50,800 understand the math 292 00:15:57,189 --> 00:15:54,079 but i know that there is a connection 293 00:15:57,910 --> 00:15:57,199 here and the more that you push and the 294 00:16:04,550 --> 00:15:57,920 more that you 295 00:16:06,710 --> 00:16:04,560 into these other areas and what you find 296 00:16:09,749 --> 00:16:06,720 when you go to the other side 297 00:16:13,030 --> 00:16:09,759 into the hard sciences is that 298 00:16:15,350 --> 00:16:13,040 they are actually researching the same 299 00:16:17,189 --> 00:16:15,360 things 300 00:16:19,829 --> 00:16:17,199 it's a bizarre thing and in our 301 00:16:22,310 --> 00:16:19,839 community where we have consciousness 302 00:16:23,670 --> 00:16:22,320 and ufos and bigfoot and and the great 303 00:16:26,550 --> 00:16:23,680 pyramid of egypt 304 00:16:27,590 --> 00:16:26,560 we have all of these things 305 00:16:29,350 --> 00:16:27,600 consciousness 306 00:16:30,629 --> 00:16:29,360 and then you go into the hard sciences 307 00:16:34,310 --> 00:16:30,639 and then you find out about 308 00:16:37,350 --> 00:16:34,320 philosophy and where this great divide 309 00:16:38,629 --> 00:16:37,360 is in the great divide 310 00:16:40,550 --> 00:16:38,639 in hard sciences about what 311 00:16:43,910 --> 00:16:40,560 consciousness is and 312 00:16:46,710 --> 00:16:43,920 the opposition to philosophy and the 313 00:16:48,310 --> 00:16:46,720 philosopher physicist and the overlap 314 00:16:51,670 --> 00:16:48,320 and the craziness and 315 00:16:53,430 --> 00:16:51,680 and what galileo thought or newton and 316 00:16:54,949 --> 00:16:53,440 and their thoughts of consciousness and 317 00:16:58,629 --> 00:16:54,959 philosophy and religion 318 00:17:00,949 --> 00:16:58,639 too as well well this is what i do 319 00:17:01,749 --> 00:17:00,959 and and then you go and discover 320 00:17:06,069 --> 00:17:01,759 somebody 321 00:17:08,470 --> 00:17:06,079 like isaac arthur who is speaking 322 00:17:09,429 --> 00:17:08,480 about everything that i'm wondering 323 00:17:13,029 --> 00:17:09,439 about 324 00:17:16,789 --> 00:17:13,039 like isaac gets it he gets it 325 00:17:21,029 --> 00:17:16,799 and so i am able to have a conversation 326 00:17:22,710 --> 00:17:21,039 with somebody ask the questions 327 00:17:24,630 --> 00:17:22,720 that i've been wondering about through 328 00:17:26,230 --> 00:17:24,640 years of research 329 00:17:28,390 --> 00:17:26,240 and that's why isaac arthur is so 330 00:17:28,789 --> 00:17:28,400 important and what was so great about 331 00:17:32,070 --> 00:17:28,799 that 332 00:17:33,590 --> 00:17:32,080 is is isaac then gets turned on to fade 333 00:17:35,669 --> 00:17:33,600 to black the fader knots are 334 00:17:37,430 --> 00:17:35,679 introduced to isaac isaac is introduced 335 00:17:40,789 --> 00:17:37,440 into our world 336 00:17:42,390 --> 00:17:40,799 he writes and produces content 337 00:17:45,270 --> 00:17:42,400 on what we talk about every night on 338 00:17:48,630 --> 00:17:45,280 this show right and it's like this 339 00:17:52,630 --> 00:17:48,640 weird amazing 340 00:17:56,150 --> 00:17:52,640 synchronistic relationship right and 341 00:17:57,110 --> 00:17:56,160 and having him on when i know that i can 342 00:17:59,590 --> 00:17:57,120 just sit 343 00:18:01,430 --> 00:17:59,600 and ask whatever and he can turn around 344 00:18:03,270 --> 00:18:01,440 and do the same thing with me 345 00:18:05,270 --> 00:18:03,280 and that is isaac arthur so that's what 346 00:18:08,310 --> 00:18:05,280 we're gonna do tonight on the show 347 00:18:11,669 --> 00:18:08,320 it's very special uh when isaac is here 348 00:18:13,110 --> 00:18:11,679 if you have not yet visited his youtube 349 00:18:16,310 --> 00:18:13,120 channel 350 00:18:17,750 --> 00:18:16,320 you need to go and do it and what i 351 00:18:19,590 --> 00:18:17,760 would do 352 00:18:21,909 --> 00:18:19,600 is i would start at the beginning with 353 00:18:24,549 --> 00:18:21,919 isaac and just just 354 00:18:25,990 --> 00:18:24,559 go through his taking years but but go 355 00:18:29,190 --> 00:18:26,000 through all of his content 356 00:18:32,230 --> 00:18:29,200 in order and and listen to him 357 00:18:32,950 --> 00:18:32,240 develop as not only a researcher but a 358 00:18:35,669 --> 00:18:32,960 presenter 359 00:18:37,669 --> 00:18:35,679 and a producer of content it's been 360 00:18:40,870 --> 00:18:37,679 amazing to see him 361 00:18:42,789 --> 00:18:40,880 rock it to the very tippy top 362 00:18:44,230 --> 00:18:42,799 of not only the science world but the 363 00:18:48,549 --> 00:18:44,240 youtube world 364 00:18:50,630 --> 00:18:48,559 and and a content creator 365 00:18:52,950 --> 00:18:50,640 that is so respected today all right 366 00:18:55,909 --> 00:18:52,960 i've been with isaac from the beginning 367 00:18:59,590 --> 00:18:55,919 and i'm not too sure when when we did 368 00:19:01,750 --> 00:18:59,600 the first show here but it was probably 369 00:19:03,990 --> 00:19:01,760 three or four years ago right after he 370 00:19:06,230 --> 00:19:04,000 started uh future science 371 00:19:08,710 --> 00:19:06,240 and so he's been part of our growth too 372 00:19:11,590 --> 00:19:08,720 as well so isaac arthur is with us 373 00:19:13,350 --> 00:19:11,600 at the bottom of the hour all right all 374 00:19:13,909 --> 00:19:13,360 right i just had to say that i just got 375 00:19:19,669 --> 00:19:13,919 such 376 00:19:20,630 --> 00:19:19,679 and especially after this day today it 377 00:19:23,990 --> 00:19:20,640 was so great 378 00:19:27,430 --> 00:19:24,000 uh to see him and talk to him okay 379 00:19:31,190 --> 00:19:27,440 river moon coffee rivermoonwellness.com 380 00:19:37,990 --> 00:19:34,230 oh man rita 381 00:19:39,990 --> 00:19:38,000 rita this is such a special 382 00:19:47,520 --> 00:19:40,000 pot of coffee i think i'm starting to 383 00:19:47,530 --> 00:19:50,830 [Music] 384 00:19:50,840 --> 00:19:54,870 rivermoonwellness.com 385 00:19:54,880 --> 00:19:59,750 can't we have 386 00:19:59,760 --> 00:20:05,669 can we have just one normal day 387 00:20:05,679 --> 00:20:09,990 is that too much to ask 388 00:20:23,430 --> 00:20:16,149 just one 389 00:20:26,950 --> 00:20:23,440 day i don't even know what that is 390 00:20:32,470 --> 00:20:28,549 i don't i don't even know if i can 391 00:20:39,270 --> 00:20:36,470 but obviously today was 392 00:20:42,630 --> 00:20:39,280 probably the craziest day in american 393 00:20:45,750 --> 00:20:44,310 and we'll have to wait a little longer 394 00:20:50,630 --> 00:20:45,760 won't we 395 00:20:55,510 --> 00:20:50,640 for anything that resembles normal 396 00:20:57,669 --> 00:20:55,520 now we all witnessed the events 397 00:20:59,430 --> 00:20:57,679 as they unfolded live on television and 398 00:21:03,029 --> 00:20:59,440 throughout social media 399 00:21:04,950 --> 00:21:03,039 all day today continues but let me say 400 00:21:11,909 --> 00:21:04,960 this 401 00:21:17,270 --> 00:21:15,510 i would guess that the majority of 402 00:21:21,110 --> 00:21:17,280 americans 403 00:21:24,390 --> 00:21:21,120 have no idea how good 404 00:21:32,950 --> 00:21:28,149 they really don't in fact 405 00:21:36,710 --> 00:21:32,960 there are some right now 406 00:21:46,310 --> 00:21:39,750 that absolutely have no idea how 407 00:21:54,870 --> 00:21:51,270 the nations of the world all of them 408 00:22:01,510 --> 00:21:58,070 they want what we have they 409 00:22:04,630 --> 00:22:01,520 want it because they don't have it 410 00:22:08,870 --> 00:22:04,640 and most of what we have 411 00:22:14,070 --> 00:22:08,880 and what they want is intrinsic 412 00:22:21,909 --> 00:22:17,350 it's freedom it's integrity it's values 413 00:22:29,110 --> 00:22:25,110 these things are what makes us 414 00:22:32,630 --> 00:22:29,120 great makes us creative 415 00:22:33,270 --> 00:22:32,640 it makes us productive and it makes this 416 00:22:40,950 --> 00:22:33,280 place 417 00:22:43,909 --> 00:22:40,960 and everyone knows it the entire world 418 00:22:48,470 --> 00:22:47,510 sure are some great places to visit out 419 00:22:51,510 --> 00:22:48,480 there 420 00:22:55,029 --> 00:22:51,520 some not so great 421 00:22:58,549 --> 00:22:55,039 but most americans have never left 422 00:22:59,669 --> 00:22:58,559 the united states and leaving our 423 00:23:02,470 --> 00:22:59,679 borders 424 00:23:03,510 --> 00:23:02,480 so that you can look back at our great 425 00:23:06,470 --> 00:23:03,520 land 426 00:23:07,669 --> 00:23:06,480 is the only way that anyone can truly 427 00:23:11,430 --> 00:23:07,679 appreciate 428 00:23:15,430 --> 00:23:11,440 how amazing it is to live here 429 00:23:21,510 --> 00:23:18,470 i have visited i have lived 430 00:23:24,470 --> 00:23:21,520 outside of the us 431 00:23:25,830 --> 00:23:24,480 and there's one thing that happens over 432 00:23:30,149 --> 00:23:25,840 and over again 433 00:23:35,190 --> 00:23:33,029 what's it like in america are you an 434 00:23:38,549 --> 00:23:35,200 american 435 00:23:41,909 --> 00:23:38,559 i want to visit america 436 00:23:50,230 --> 00:23:41,919 and of course you'll also get 437 00:23:52,070 --> 00:23:50,240 are the streets really paved with gold 438 00:23:54,149 --> 00:23:52,080 when you hear these questions over and 439 00:23:56,390 --> 00:23:54,159 over again you start to look at the 440 00:23:58,870 --> 00:23:56,400 united states a little differently 441 00:23:59,750 --> 00:23:58,880 and when you return whether it's been a 442 00:24:03,269 --> 00:23:59,760 week 443 00:24:07,510 --> 00:24:03,279 or a couple of years you realize that 444 00:24:11,029 --> 00:24:07,520 yes our streets are indeed 445 00:24:18,070 --> 00:24:14,230 today today the world 446 00:24:21,029 --> 00:24:18,080 watched the land of their dreams the 447 00:24:24,390 --> 00:24:21,039 most respected place on earth 448 00:24:29,029 --> 00:24:24,400 come completely unglued 449 00:24:38,070 --> 00:24:33,669 sure we have differences debate 450 00:24:41,110 --> 00:24:38,080 but in the end we always work it out 451 00:24:41,430 --> 00:24:41,120 we somehow always meet in the middle and 452 00:24:48,870 --> 00:24:41,440 we 453 00:24:52,310 --> 00:24:48,880 this is america 454 00:24:53,990 --> 00:24:52,320 and this is what the rest of the world 455 00:24:57,590 --> 00:24:54,000 desires 456 00:24:58,390 --> 00:24:57,600 because they know that they don't have 457 00:25:04,470 --> 00:24:58,400 it 458 00:25:08,310 --> 00:25:07,590 now over the last four years we have 459 00:25:12,230 --> 00:25:08,320 witnessed 460 00:25:15,990 --> 00:25:12,240 the gradual and sometimes rapid divide 461 00:25:21,029 --> 00:25:18,070 i don't know what everybody's goal is 462 00:25:24,870 --> 00:25:21,039 with this great divide 463 00:25:28,149 --> 00:25:24,880 but half of a great country is 464 00:25:31,669 --> 00:25:28,159 well it's half of 465 00:25:35,269 --> 00:25:31,679 a great country it is 466 00:25:39,430 --> 00:25:35,279 together people 467 00:25:46,310 --> 00:25:42,630 it's being different that makes us the 468 00:25:46,320 --> 00:25:52,470 divided there are no winners here 469 00:26:01,190 --> 00:25:55,590 let it continue and our country will 470 00:26:05,510 --> 00:26:03,830 now i want to be able to travel i want 471 00:26:06,710 --> 00:26:05,520 to be able to travel to other countries 472 00:26:09,750 --> 00:26:06,720 in the future 473 00:26:13,990 --> 00:26:09,760 and feel proud 474 00:26:16,630 --> 00:26:14,000 to flaunt my american accent 475 00:26:17,029 --> 00:26:16,640 knowing that we work things out that we 476 00:26:20,310 --> 00:26:17,039 move 477 00:26:22,630 --> 00:26:20,320 forward and we showed the world that we 478 00:26:25,750 --> 00:26:22,640 are the best place to live 479 00:26:30,070 --> 00:26:25,760 raise a family and have true 480 00:26:39,350 --> 00:26:33,750 we can't do this or accomplish anything 481 00:26:42,390 --> 00:26:39,360 if we hate our neighbors 482 00:26:44,710 --> 00:26:42,400 we have to get back to what got us here 483 00:26:49,669 --> 00:26:44,720 in the first place 484 00:26:56,149 --> 00:26:53,909 if we do it and we will 485 00:26:57,430 --> 00:26:56,159 i know that the next time i travel 486 00:27:01,269 --> 00:26:57,440 abroad 487 00:27:04,950 --> 00:27:01,279 i'll get the best question of them all 488 00:27:08,470 --> 00:27:04,960 are the streets really paved with gold 489 00:27:11,990 --> 00:27:08,480 and my answer will be they 490 00:27:15,110 --> 00:27:13,909 i'm yours jimmy church this is fade to 491 00:27:19,350 --> 00:27:15,120 black 492 00:27:21,510 --> 00:27:19,360 january 6th 2021. 493 00:27:23,990 --> 00:27:21,520 our guest tonight is isaac arthur i want 494 00:27:25,510 --> 00:27:24,000 to remind everybody 495 00:27:27,909 --> 00:27:25,520 that tomorrow night is fader night with 496 00:27:29,510 --> 00:27:27,919 open lines all night long 497 00:27:32,710 --> 00:27:29,520 take a quick break and i'll be right 498 00:27:38,389 --> 00:27:32,720 back with the one and only 499 00:27:41,750 --> 00:27:40,789 all right everybody relax it's time to 500 00:27:44,950 --> 00:27:41,760 escape 501 00:27:46,950 --> 00:27:44,960 let's do this man and the game changer 502 00:27:49,990 --> 00:27:46,960 network and kgra 503 00:27:53,389 --> 00:27:50,000 the planet follow me on twitter i j 504 00:27:55,110 --> 00:27:53,399 church radio email is jimmy 505 00:28:02,540 --> 00:27:55,120 jimmychurchradio.com 506 00:28:25,590 --> 00:28:02,550 stay with me i'll be right back 507 00:28:27,750 --> 00:28:25,600 [Music] 508 00:28:29,990 --> 00:28:27,760 this is nicole church daughter of you 509 00:28:32,310 --> 00:28:30,000 know who and you're listening to fade to 510 00:28:36,389 --> 00:28:32,320 black on jimmychurchradio.com and the 511 00:28:42,789 --> 00:28:38,630 you're listening to jimmy church fade to 512 00:28:45,980 --> 00:28:45,029 fate to black will now pause for alien 513 00:28:47,350 --> 00:28:45,990 identification 514 00:28:50,630 --> 00:28:47,360 [Music] 515 00:28:54,310 --> 00:28:50,640 the station that talks the net ktra 516 00:28:58,470 --> 00:28:56,549 introducing the game changer blend from 517 00:29:00,950 --> 00:28:58,480 river moon coffee that delivers a 518 00:29:02,310 --> 00:29:00,960 customized blend made specifically for 519 00:29:05,510 --> 00:29:02,320 the fader knots 520 00:29:08,470 --> 00:29:05,520 if the game is rigged change the game 521 00:29:10,389 --> 00:29:08,480 it's a boulder cup with some bite game 522 00:29:12,710 --> 00:29:10,399 changer is the coffee of choice for 523 00:29:13,830 --> 00:29:12,720 those that prefer an organic dark roast 524 00:29:17,269 --> 00:29:13,840 that is slightly 525 00:29:19,830 --> 00:29:17,279 lighter and milder but it's still dark 526 00:29:20,789 --> 00:29:19,840 with wild notes of pecans and chocolate 527 00:29:23,350 --> 00:29:20,799 with a rich 528 00:29:25,430 --> 00:29:23,360 balanced full-bodied cup that is roasted 529 00:29:26,070 --> 00:29:25,440 to perfection for a great coffee to 530 00:29:28,789 --> 00:29:26,080 start your 531 00:29:30,549 --> 00:29:28,799 day as an after dinner coffee or 532 00:29:32,470 --> 00:29:30,559 anywhere in between 533 00:29:35,190 --> 00:29:32,480 artisan small batch roasted to 534 00:29:37,830 --> 00:29:35,200 perfection usda certified organic 535 00:29:40,590 --> 00:29:37,840 all river moon coffee is freshly roasted 536 00:29:42,230 --> 00:29:40,600 and packaged in the usa just go to 537 00:29:44,389 --> 00:29:42,240 rivermooncoffee.com or click on the 538 00:29:45,110 --> 00:29:44,399 banners over on our site and use the 539 00:29:50,830 --> 00:29:45,120 promo code 540 00:29:54,870 --> 00:29:50,840 f2b blend for 15 off of your order today 541 00:29:57,909 --> 00:29:54,880 rivermooncoffee.com go back lee tappy 542 00:30:02,909 --> 00:29:57,919 this is the only way forward this 543 00:30:05,190 --> 00:30:02,919 is made to black make contact 544 00:30:06,870 --> 00:30:05,200 kgraradio.com 545 00:30:09,269 --> 00:30:06,880 this is jimmy church of fade to black 546 00:30:11,909 --> 00:30:09,279 and you can get our podcast for just 547 00:30:13,990 --> 00:30:11,919 two dollars per month all you have to do 548 00:30:17,190 --> 00:30:14,000 is click on the podcast banner 549 00:30:19,909 --> 00:30:17,200 over at jimmychurchradio.com 550 00:30:21,110 --> 00:30:19,919 hi folks it's trembling times and fears 551 00:30:23,350 --> 00:30:21,120 pushing emotions 552 00:30:24,789 --> 00:30:23,360 which in turn pushes health the wrong 553 00:30:26,149 --> 00:30:24,799 direction do you ever get an ache 554 00:30:28,789 --> 00:30:26,159 because life is uneasy 555 00:30:30,710 --> 00:30:28,799 try life change tea get the tea.com life 556 00:30:31,430 --> 00:30:30,720 change tea works on your digestive tract 557 00:30:33,830 --> 00:30:31,440 helping to move 558 00:30:35,350 --> 00:30:33,840 food through quicker and comfortably so 559 00:30:37,110 --> 00:30:35,360 your health is spot on 560 00:30:39,190 --> 00:30:37,120 life change team may not help with world 561 00:30:40,630 --> 00:30:39,200 issues but it will help with your 562 00:30:42,630 --> 00:30:40,640 digestive issues 563 00:30:44,230 --> 00:30:42,640 a glass a day helps keep the intruders 564 00:30:46,870 --> 00:30:44,240 away so 565 00:30:49,110 --> 00:30:46,880 change your life today log on to get the 566 00:30:51,669 --> 00:30:49,120 tea.com that's get the 567 00:30:53,750 --> 00:30:51,679 dot com if your health game is off get 568 00:30:56,230 --> 00:30:53,760 on by ordering life change tea 569 00:30:57,830 --> 00:30:56,240 get the tea.com and while you're on our 570 00:30:59,990 --> 00:30:57,840 site look around at the great 571 00:31:01,190 --> 00:31:00,000 non-gmo organic supplements and if 572 00:31:03,590 --> 00:31:01,200 you're a sales shopper 573 00:31:04,389 --> 00:31:03,600 go to our specials page and see what's 574 00:31:06,070 --> 00:31:04,399 for you 575 00:31:07,590 --> 00:31:06,080 i've been drinking the tea for 12 years 576 00:31:08,549 --> 00:31:07,600 and i'm sure glad for its health 577 00:31:11,430 --> 00:31:08,559 benefits 578 00:31:12,149 --> 00:31:11,440 again that's get the tea dot com get the 579 00:31:17,750 --> 00:31:12,159 tea 580 00:31:19,590 --> 00:31:17,760 fader knots when you think about the 581 00:31:21,509 --> 00:31:19,600 future of our country and where we're 582 00:31:22,389 --> 00:31:21,519 headed do you wonder about the food 583 00:31:26,549 --> 00:31:22,399 supply 584 00:31:28,710 --> 00:31:26,559 chain could be disastrous 585 00:31:30,950 --> 00:31:28,720 and they usually occur with little 586 00:31:31,990 --> 00:31:30,960 warning that's why the smartest thing 587 00:31:35,190 --> 00:31:32,000 you can do today 588 00:31:37,509 --> 00:31:35,200 is to stockpile emergency food water 589 00:31:38,630 --> 00:31:37,519 and other essentials i personally 590 00:31:40,789 --> 00:31:38,640 recommend my 591 00:31:43,269 --> 00:31:40,799 patriot supply they're the nation's 592 00:31:45,509 --> 00:31:43,279 largest emergency preparedness company 593 00:31:46,710 --> 00:31:45,519 serving millions of customers for more 594 00:31:49,029 --> 00:31:46,720 than a decade 595 00:31:51,669 --> 00:31:49,039 in fact they're the only source my 596 00:31:54,389 --> 00:31:51,679 family trusts for our preparedness plan 597 00:31:55,669 --> 00:31:54,399 you should too right now save twenty 598 00:31:57,909 --> 00:31:55,679 percent off a full 599 00:31:59,830 --> 00:31:57,919 four week supply of delicious meals that 600 00:32:03,190 --> 00:31:59,840 provide two thousand calories 601 00:32:06,070 --> 00:32:03,200 a day saving 20 helps too doesn't it 602 00:32:08,310 --> 00:32:06,080 especially now so go to prepare with 603 00:32:11,590 --> 00:32:08,320 jimmy.com and get ready 604 00:32:12,870 --> 00:32:11,600 that's prepare with jimmy.com there's no 605 00:32:16,070 --> 00:32:12,880 time to lose 606 00:32:16,080 --> 00:32:21,190 nine out of ten geneticists agree 607 00:32:28,070 --> 00:32:24,950 fade to black is not 608 00:32:32,149 --> 00:32:28,080 your father's radio show on the 609 00:32:36,230 --> 00:32:32,159 game changer radio network and kgra 610 00:32:36,789 --> 00:32:36,240 the planet hi this is rob reiner from 611 00:32:39,149 --> 00:32:36,799 anvil 612 00:32:41,430 --> 00:32:39,159 and you're listening to 613 00:32:44,310 --> 00:32:41,440 jimmychurchradio.com 614 00:32:58,010 --> 00:32:44,320 what's up i'm chris what up this is 615 00:32:58,020 --> 00:33:01,990 [Music] 616 00:33:05,990 --> 00:33:03,509 all right welcome back fade to black i'm 617 00:33:08,149 --> 00:33:06,000 your host jimmy church 618 00:33:12,389 --> 00:33:08,159 and the game changer network and kg are 619 00:33:17,509 --> 00:33:14,710 isaac arthur that's all i gotta say 620 00:33:19,990 --> 00:33:17,519 everybody knows isaac these days 621 00:33:20,710 --> 00:33:20,000 isaac other tomorrow nights is another 622 00:33:22,470 --> 00:33:20,720 fader night 623 00:33:25,350 --> 00:33:22,480 with open lines all night long but 624 00:33:26,710 --> 00:33:25,360 tonight isaac joins us for another 625 00:33:28,070 --> 00:33:26,720 in-depth conversation we're going to 626 00:33:29,269 --> 00:33:28,080 talk about measurement we're going to 627 00:33:32,549 --> 00:33:29,279 talk about observation 628 00:33:34,310 --> 00:33:32,559 entanglement the fermi paradox and i'm 629 00:33:35,190 --> 00:33:34,320 going to ask the question what could 630 00:33:37,110 --> 00:33:35,200 possibly go 631 00:33:40,789 --> 00:33:37,120 faster than the speed of light i know 632 00:33:44,950 --> 00:33:43,190 isaac is one of is the host of science 633 00:33:45,990 --> 00:33:44,960 and futurism with isaac arthur on 634 00:33:50,470 --> 00:33:46,000 youtube he's 635 00:33:52,789 --> 00:33:50,480 currently over 600 000 subscribers 636 00:33:55,190 --> 00:33:52,799 covering i remember the days covering 637 00:33:57,509 --> 00:33:55,200 topics like colonizing our solar system 638 00:33:59,669 --> 00:33:57,519 interstellar travel the fermi paradox 639 00:34:01,750 --> 00:33:59,679 artificial intelligence and other topics 640 00:34:04,470 --> 00:34:01,760 representing possible future paths 641 00:34:06,310 --> 00:34:04,480 and challenges for humanity isaac 642 00:34:08,389 --> 00:34:06,320 received his degree in physics from kent 643 00:34:08,869 --> 00:34:08,399 state university graduating top of his 644 00:34:11,750 --> 00:34:08,879 class 645 00:34:13,349 --> 00:34:11,760 at the prime young age of 20. remained 646 00:34:14,710 --> 00:34:13,359 there for graduate studies before 647 00:34:16,069 --> 00:34:14,720 joining the united states army and 648 00:34:18,550 --> 00:34:16,079 serving in iraq 649 00:34:20,069 --> 00:34:18,560 he also served as a civilian researcher 650 00:34:23,510 --> 00:34:20,079 at the air force institute 651 00:34:25,829 --> 00:34:23,520 of technology in dayton ohio which means 652 00:34:26,950 --> 00:34:25,839 he's a disinformation agent after the 653 00:34:29,669 --> 00:34:26,960 military 654 00:34:34,869 --> 00:34:29,679 he returned home to ohio and serves as 655 00:34:38,230 --> 00:34:34,879 the chairman of the board of elections 656 00:34:39,829 --> 00:34:38,240 oh we're not working on his youtube 657 00:34:40,790 --> 00:34:39,839 channel i'd like to welcome back to fade 658 00:34:43,510 --> 00:34:40,800 to black 659 00:34:44,710 --> 00:34:43,520 isaac arthur isaac how are you man i'm 660 00:34:46,710 --> 00:34:44,720 doing great jimmy thanks for having me 661 00:34:47,109 --> 00:34:46,720 on again man that was a good uh that was 662 00:34:49,589 --> 00:34:47,119 a good 663 00:34:50,149 --> 00:34:49,599 round of laps right there i i appreciate 664 00:34:53,750 --> 00:34:50,159 all of that 665 00:34:57,750 --> 00:34:53,760 isaac um uh look 666 00:35:01,430 --> 00:34:57,760 uh today was today that's behind us 667 00:35:05,190 --> 00:35:01,440 uh let's just talk all right 668 00:35:08,550 --> 00:35:05,200 are you down absolutely all right 669 00:35:10,230 --> 00:35:08,560 oh man okay uh 670 00:35:12,310 --> 00:35:10,240 i need these uh next two and a half 671 00:35:12,870 --> 00:35:12,320 hours and i can see that you're drinking 672 00:35:15,430 --> 00:35:12,880 uh 673 00:35:16,870 --> 00:35:15,440 a pretty hefty cup of coffee there 674 00:35:18,150 --> 00:35:16,880 you're good to go i want to let 675 00:35:21,750 --> 00:35:18,160 everybody know i can see 676 00:35:24,150 --> 00:35:21,760 isaac he's sitting um in his vast 677 00:35:25,829 --> 00:35:24,160 uh office and library he's got all of 678 00:35:28,470 --> 00:35:25,839 his study materials there 679 00:35:30,069 --> 00:35:28,480 he's got a nice wooden big wooden desk 680 00:35:31,910 --> 00:35:30,079 you got a chair behind you you've got a 681 00:35:35,349 --> 00:35:31,920 great audio set up 682 00:35:37,190 --> 00:35:35,359 um it's exactly like somebody that has a 683 00:35:39,829 --> 00:35:37,200 program called future science 684 00:35:41,270 --> 00:35:39,839 should have isaac very impressive um 685 00:35:44,310 --> 00:35:41,280 really quick before i 686 00:35:47,349 --> 00:35:44,320 i it's been i found out today 687 00:35:48,150 --> 00:35:47,359 and i know uh this may surprise you it's 688 00:35:51,349 --> 00:35:48,160 been like nine 689 00:35:53,270 --> 00:35:51,359 months since you've been on the show 690 00:35:55,270 --> 00:35:53,280 you're kidding me yeah right seems like 691 00:35:57,510 --> 00:35:55,280 it was didn't we do something 692 00:35:59,750 --> 00:35:57,520 oh it was coast coast yeah we did coast 693 00:36:01,190 --> 00:35:59,760 to coast and even that was a while ago 694 00:36:02,870 --> 00:36:01,200 yeah it was back in that was actually 695 00:36:06,550 --> 00:36:02,880 right around yeah 696 00:36:08,230 --> 00:36:06,560 exactly so um if we think about all of 697 00:36:09,670 --> 00:36:08,240 that uh it's been nine months since 698 00:36:12,630 --> 00:36:09,680 you've been on the show 699 00:36:13,109 --> 00:36:12,640 uh since then big changes in your life 700 00:36:16,630 --> 00:36:13,119 you're 701 00:36:17,190 --> 00:36:16,640 now domesticated i am i got married to 702 00:36:20,069 --> 00:36:17,200 uh my 703 00:36:21,109 --> 00:36:20,079 longtime friend sarah fowler ortho and 704 00:36:23,910 --> 00:36:21,119 uh we actually just 705 00:36:25,190 --> 00:36:23,920 swore her in as a state legislature on 706 00:36:28,710 --> 00:36:25,200 monday 707 00:36:31,190 --> 00:36:28,720 how incredible is that right and uh 708 00:36:32,710 --> 00:36:31,200 uh listen i i i i don't want to 709 00:36:35,750 --> 00:36:32,720 embarrass you 710 00:36:39,430 --> 00:36:35,760 but it it for me um 711 00:36:40,710 --> 00:36:39,440 uh we're friends but to see your post on 712 00:36:44,790 --> 00:36:40,720 facebook 713 00:36:46,790 --> 00:36:44,800 of married life doing things right 714 00:36:48,630 --> 00:36:46,800 building a shed in the backyard whatever 715 00:36:51,510 --> 00:36:48,640 it is right 716 00:36:53,030 --> 00:36:51,520 and i think you did build a shed didn't 717 00:36:54,710 --> 00:36:53,040 we we wrote a shed in the greenhouse 718 00:36:56,230 --> 00:36:54,720 yeah that's right that's right i was 719 00:36:57,910 --> 00:36:56,240 making that up but now that i think 720 00:36:59,430 --> 00:36:57,920 about it that actually happened 721 00:37:01,990 --> 00:36:59,440 that wasn't rebuilt the greenhouse after 722 00:37:05,589 --> 00:37:02,000 it blew over 723 00:37:07,510 --> 00:37:05,599 um so uh everything's good life is good 724 00:37:09,190 --> 00:37:07,520 life is is doing amazing i feel almost 725 00:37:10,630 --> 00:37:09,200 bad because 2020 was such a rough year 726 00:37:12,310 --> 00:37:10,640 for the elves but uh 727 00:37:14,470 --> 00:37:12,320 yeah it was probably the best year of my 728 00:37:17,430 --> 00:37:14,480 life so yeah yeah i know 729 00:37:18,630 --> 00:37:17,440 i know and and so many out there are are 730 00:37:20,790 --> 00:37:18,640 just not doing well 731 00:37:23,030 --> 00:37:20,800 and of course our family just got over 732 00:37:26,630 --> 00:37:23,040 over-covered i got over-covered 733 00:37:28,630 --> 00:37:26,640 uh i'm still not 100 percent uh 734 00:37:29,829 --> 00:37:28,640 my family got hit uh the day before 735 00:37:32,550 --> 00:37:29,839 thanksgiving 736 00:37:33,270 --> 00:37:32,560 and uh here we are you know so you know 737 00:37:36,310 --> 00:37:33,280 that's uh 738 00:37:39,030 --> 00:37:36,320 six weeks ago five weeks ago and 739 00:37:39,510 --> 00:37:39,040 it it was rough and i know what we went 740 00:37:41,270 --> 00:37:39,520 through 741 00:37:43,910 --> 00:37:41,280 and and the rest of the country people 742 00:37:46,870 --> 00:37:43,920 have lost family members and friends and 743 00:37:49,190 --> 00:37:46,880 um it's uh it's a very harsh thing to go 744 00:37:53,109 --> 00:37:49,200 through it's just been the craziest 745 00:37:56,390 --> 00:37:53,119 year ever um congratulations on 600 746 00:37:58,550 --> 00:37:56,400 000 subscribers um and that that 747 00:38:00,150 --> 00:37:58,560 is a big congratulations did you ever 748 00:38:04,069 --> 00:38:00,160 think that i remember 749 00:38:05,510 --> 00:38:04,079 uh you may remember this i don't know 750 00:38:07,270 --> 00:38:05,520 how long ago it was 751 00:38:08,710 --> 00:38:07,280 i remember when you got to two hundred 752 00:38:09,589 --> 00:38:08,720 thousand and we talked about it on the 753 00:38:13,349 --> 00:38:09,599 show 754 00:38:17,750 --> 00:38:14,950 time just goes going on didn't you do 755 00:38:20,950 --> 00:38:17,760 your 10th anniversary last year yeah 756 00:38:22,310 --> 00:38:20,960 we did in december last month yeah yeah 757 00:38:25,430 --> 00:38:22,320 and so 758 00:38:29,349 --> 00:38:25,440 uh but did you imagine 759 00:38:32,470 --> 00:38:29,359 at the start of uh right 760 00:38:33,589 --> 00:38:32,480 no i still remember when i got a little 761 00:38:35,270 --> 00:38:33,599 email from youtube 762 00:38:36,630 --> 00:38:35,280 saying congratulations you've got a 763 00:38:42,310 --> 00:38:36,640 subscriber 764 00:38:44,230 --> 00:38:42,320 and and it was a constant shock i never 765 00:38:46,630 --> 00:38:44,240 thought the channel would get that big 766 00:38:47,910 --> 00:38:46,640 and uh it's just amazing to find out so 767 00:38:49,190 --> 00:38:47,920 many people have a shared interest in 768 00:38:50,870 --> 00:38:49,200 those topics 769 00:38:51,910 --> 00:38:50,880 um and actually kind of bad for because 770 00:38:53,349 --> 00:38:51,920 i never thought there'd be that many 771 00:38:54,390 --> 00:38:53,359 people i feel like i was 772 00:38:55,430 --> 00:38:54,400 being a little bit unfair everybody 773 00:38:57,109 --> 00:38:55,440 always assumed there wasn't that much 774 00:39:01,589 --> 00:38:57,119 interest in these topics 775 00:39:04,870 --> 00:39:01,599 did the uh did the thought ever 776 00:39:05,910 --> 00:39:04,880 occur to you i'm sure it has that you 777 00:39:09,750 --> 00:39:05,920 might 778 00:39:10,230 --> 00:39:09,760 run out of material it was a boy earlier 779 00:39:13,430 --> 00:39:10,240 on 780 00:39:15,270 --> 00:39:13,440 the future is there's always so much 781 00:39:17,190 --> 00:39:15,280 more of it 782 00:39:19,349 --> 00:39:17,200 we never seem to run out of topics we 783 00:39:21,910 --> 00:39:19,359 get more of them in all the time 784 00:39:23,349 --> 00:39:21,920 uh sometimes we have we do is on topic 785 00:39:25,750 --> 00:39:23,359 we're looking at more depth but 786 00:39:26,870 --> 00:39:25,760 uh we've never even come close to any 787 00:39:28,310 --> 00:39:26,880 other topics every time i think we're 788 00:39:29,670 --> 00:39:28,320 getting close you know we'll let a point 789 00:39:30,550 --> 00:39:29,680 see what people feel like looking at and 790 00:39:32,630 --> 00:39:30,560 there'll be 791 00:39:33,990 --> 00:39:32,640 20 new topics on there that we've never 792 00:39:35,109 --> 00:39:34,000 thought about doing that are all good 793 00:39:38,150 --> 00:39:35,119 topics so 794 00:39:39,829 --> 00:39:38,160 between now and 795 00:39:41,349 --> 00:39:39,839 uh infinity the heat death of the 796 00:39:44,710 --> 00:39:41,359 universe yeah 797 00:39:48,069 --> 00:39:44,720 right because uh and what fascinates me 798 00:39:48,390 --> 00:39:48,079 about the hard sciences is that today i 799 00:39:51,030 --> 00:39:48,400 think 800 00:39:52,950 --> 00:39:51,040 more and more people appreciate it and 801 00:39:55,109 --> 00:39:52,960 they want the content 802 00:39:58,310 --> 00:39:55,119 so there are content providers out there 803 00:40:01,510 --> 00:39:58,320 whether it's an actual professor 804 00:40:04,710 --> 00:40:01,520 or or or television or what have you 805 00:40:07,109 --> 00:40:04,720 but that every day now in the news 806 00:40:07,990 --> 00:40:07,119 or in the science community it seems 807 00:40:10,550 --> 00:40:08,000 like there 808 00:40:11,910 --> 00:40:10,560 is breaking news and discoveries nearly 809 00:40:15,990 --> 00:40:11,920 on a daily basis 810 00:40:17,829 --> 00:40:16,000 i mean dramatic big leaps forward 811 00:40:19,670 --> 00:40:17,839 i wish they'd report on it more inside 812 00:40:20,870 --> 00:40:19,680 while the more major networks were new 813 00:40:22,710 --> 00:40:20,880 as it sometimes fears there's such a 814 00:40:24,309 --> 00:40:22,720 focus on things that 815 00:40:26,630 --> 00:40:24,319 we forget about all the awesome stuff 816 00:40:28,150 --> 00:40:26,640 going on and you're like spacex gets 817 00:40:29,349 --> 00:40:28,160 news but there are so many other i mean 818 00:40:32,069 --> 00:40:29,359 spacex is amazing 819 00:40:33,109 --> 00:40:32,079 but there's so much discovery so much 820 00:40:35,109 --> 00:40:33,119 new 821 00:40:36,390 --> 00:40:35,119 cool awesome you know life improving 822 00:40:37,829 --> 00:40:36,400 things out there 823 00:40:39,589 --> 00:40:37,839 and you could fill up in town use 824 00:40:40,309 --> 00:40:39,599 program with them every single day and 825 00:40:41,430 --> 00:40:40,319 yet 826 00:40:42,630 --> 00:40:41,440 for the most part people don't get to 827 00:40:43,990 --> 00:40:42,640 hear about them and i do think that's 828 00:40:44,870 --> 00:40:44,000 the least part of it you know when you 829 00:40:46,550 --> 00:40:44,880 go into a year 830 00:40:48,870 --> 00:40:46,560 it has been a few we all know it's been 831 00:40:50,470 --> 00:40:48,880 a rough year but at the same time part 832 00:40:51,589 --> 00:40:50,480 of that's part of the two headspace you 833 00:40:52,470 --> 00:40:51,599 know if you're hearing nothing but bad 834 00:40:54,230 --> 00:40:52,480 news 835 00:40:55,910 --> 00:40:54,240 it feels like a crappy year on the other 836 00:40:57,270 --> 00:40:55,920 hand if you've got good news coming in 837 00:40:58,790 --> 00:40:57,280 and has been a lot of good news this 838 00:41:00,069 --> 00:40:58,800 year we've made improvements towards 839 00:41:01,589 --> 00:41:00,079 fixing cancer we've made 840 00:41:03,190 --> 00:41:01,599 improvements towards getting that first 841 00:41:04,390 --> 00:41:03,200 moon base that is really back on the 842 00:41:06,069 --> 00:41:04,400 table now with that 843 00:41:07,829 --> 00:41:06,079 you know the rocket launch which ended 844 00:41:09,510 --> 00:41:07,839 with an explosion but it was uh 845 00:41:10,790 --> 00:41:09,520 a very successful one anyway it's hard 846 00:41:13,430 --> 00:41:10,800 to explain to people sometimes how could 847 00:41:15,349 --> 00:41:13,440 blow up on the pad and we'd say yeah 848 00:41:18,309 --> 00:41:15,359 that was uh that was especially that 849 00:41:20,829 --> 00:41:18,319 moon base in a decade 850 00:41:23,030 --> 00:41:20,839 2024 is supposed to be the year we're in 851 00:41:24,950 --> 00:41:23,040 2021 852 00:41:26,230 --> 00:41:24,960 three years we're gonna have americans 853 00:41:27,750 --> 00:41:26,240 back on the moon and 854 00:41:29,829 --> 00:41:27,760 that would be an amazing thing yeah 855 00:41:31,510 --> 00:41:29,839 amazing amazing and there's another part 856 00:41:34,870 --> 00:41:31,520 to this too as well 857 00:41:37,829 --> 00:41:34,880 when you take um the 858 00:41:39,190 --> 00:41:37,839 um we'll discuss the fermi paradox later 859 00:41:41,990 --> 00:41:39,200 but when you 860 00:41:43,670 --> 00:41:42,000 take the basic definition of the fermi 861 00:41:46,710 --> 00:41:43,680 paradox 862 00:41:48,790 --> 00:41:46,720 so many stop right there 863 00:41:50,390 --> 00:41:48,800 right just with the definition and they 864 00:41:53,510 --> 00:41:50,400 think that's all that 865 00:41:56,790 --> 00:41:53,520 there is you've made a living 866 00:41:58,309 --> 00:41:56,800 off of the fermi paradox a friend who 867 00:41:59,829 --> 00:41:58,319 runs a show it also talks about the 868 00:42:01,109 --> 00:41:59,839 topic quite a lot too and he and i 869 00:42:03,589 --> 00:42:01,119 really actually found ourselves 870 00:42:05,990 --> 00:42:03,599 overlapping much on top no it is 871 00:42:07,990 --> 00:42:06,000 well it's a huge conversation there is a 872 00:42:09,270 --> 00:42:08,000 gigantic universe out there that 873 00:42:10,950 --> 00:42:09,280 feels like it should be populated with 874 00:42:12,470 --> 00:42:10,960 life all over the place and yet either 875 00:42:13,670 --> 00:42:12,480 it isn't or it isn't the way we tend to 876 00:42:16,470 --> 00:42:13,680 expect it to be 877 00:42:17,910 --> 00:42:16,480 and that is you know that has got to be 878 00:42:19,190 --> 00:42:17,920 one of the biggest mysteries going on 879 00:42:20,550 --> 00:42:19,200 right now for us all so 880 00:42:22,150 --> 00:42:20,560 there's plenty to talk about on it you 881 00:42:23,990 --> 00:42:22,160 know well and the way that you 882 00:42:26,630 --> 00:42:24,000 originally broke it down 883 00:42:27,190 --> 00:42:26,640 um it was it was pretty interesting for 884 00:42:32,069 --> 00:42:27,200 me i 885 00:42:33,349 --> 00:42:32,079 actually uh your original fermi paradox 886 00:42:37,190 --> 00:42:33,359 part one 887 00:42:41,190 --> 00:42:37,200 which was a very complex show by the way 888 00:42:43,109 --> 00:42:41,200 um but i i wrote out the list 889 00:42:44,309 --> 00:42:43,119 right you know point for point i write 890 00:42:46,630 --> 00:42:44,319 down the list 891 00:42:47,829 --> 00:42:46,640 and and i took a look at that and 892 00:42:51,030 --> 00:42:47,839 thought to myself 893 00:42:54,309 --> 00:42:51,040 each one of these very brief statements 894 00:42:57,589 --> 00:42:54,319 from isaac can last 895 00:42:58,470 --> 00:42:57,599 for a week of discussion right 896 00:43:00,069 --> 00:42:58,480 you understand what i'm saying 897 00:43:01,589 --> 00:43:00,079 absolutely yeah i think most of those 898 00:43:03,829 --> 00:43:01,599 ones we have ended up doing an episode 899 00:43:05,349 --> 00:43:03,839 on them a couple other whole series 900 00:43:06,950 --> 00:43:05,359 and in each of those cases we had to 901 00:43:07,430 --> 00:43:06,960 triple our stuff out of the script you 902 00:43:09,589 --> 00:43:07,440 know 903 00:43:10,829 --> 00:43:09,599 yeah exactly and that's got to be fun 904 00:43:13,750 --> 00:43:10,839 for you 905 00:43:17,190 --> 00:43:13,760 um in 906 00:43:20,550 --> 00:43:17,200 that um when you 907 00:43:23,750 --> 00:43:20,560 uh start at the top of an indexed 908 00:43:26,950 --> 00:43:23,760 list like that are you writing 909 00:43:28,950 --> 00:43:26,960 from thought are you writing from 910 00:43:30,309 --> 00:43:28,960 thought are you researching and writing 911 00:43:31,750 --> 00:43:30,319 at the same time 912 00:43:33,430 --> 00:43:31,760 i mean i guess once the research is done 913 00:43:35,190 --> 00:43:33,440 in the background but usually 914 00:43:36,309 --> 00:43:35,200 when i sit down to write the only reason 915 00:43:37,510 --> 00:43:36,319 i'll interrupt that there's there's 916 00:43:39,190 --> 00:43:37,520 usually three things that will get me 917 00:43:42,309 --> 00:43:39,200 away from the keyboard 918 00:43:43,990 --> 00:43:42,319 one is a power outage uh two is when i 919 00:43:45,270 --> 00:43:44,000 coffee runs out and three is if i need 920 00:43:45,589 --> 00:43:45,280 to switch over to wikipedia to double 921 00:43:47,829 --> 00:43:45,599 check 922 00:43:49,990 --> 00:43:47,839 some specific factoid like you know what 923 00:43:51,750 --> 00:43:50,000 is the luminosity of a given star 924 00:43:53,589 --> 00:43:51,760 right how many meters is it to pluto 925 00:43:55,430 --> 00:43:53,599 well you wanna be kind of exact but 926 00:43:56,550 --> 00:43:55,440 for the most part you know if the 927 00:43:58,470 --> 00:43:56,560 script's not going well and i had to 928 00:43:59,670 --> 00:43:58,480 stop doing kind of major research on it 929 00:44:01,750 --> 00:43:59,680 that's where i delete the script and 930 00:44:02,950 --> 00:44:01,760 start back over again it's just my style 931 00:44:07,030 --> 00:44:02,960 of writing so 932 00:44:09,990 --> 00:44:07,040 and the reason why because i noticed uh 933 00:44:10,470 --> 00:44:10,000 very early on and of course i see it 934 00:44:13,589 --> 00:44:10,480 episode 935 00:44:18,710 --> 00:44:13,599 the 936 00:44:20,390 --> 00:44:18,720 right it doesn't sound like it's coming 937 00:44:23,910 --> 00:44:20,400 from three different writers 938 00:44:26,630 --> 00:44:23,920 or you took a a a a a 939 00:44:27,270 --> 00:44:26,640 a week break in between you know it's 940 00:44:30,150 --> 00:44:27,280 it's all 941 00:44:32,069 --> 00:44:30,160 one piece and it flows do you do that by 942 00:44:33,510 --> 00:44:32,079 intention 943 00:44:35,190 --> 00:44:33,520 i think it's whether that's the style 944 00:44:35,670 --> 00:44:35,200 i'd go with but we have some exceptions 945 00:44:37,030 --> 00:44:35,680 like 946 00:44:38,470 --> 00:44:37,040 we have a lot of editors who help out on 947 00:44:40,150 --> 00:44:38,480 the show checking things through or 948 00:44:41,109 --> 00:44:40,160 making sure i'm not making nonsense 949 00:44:42,470 --> 00:44:41,119 comments 950 00:44:43,670 --> 00:44:42,480 and sometimes they have a good idea they 951 00:44:44,870 --> 00:44:43,680 want to insult the script and the 952 00:44:47,270 --> 00:44:44,880 biggest problem is i can try to figure 953 00:44:50,069 --> 00:44:47,280 out where we squeeze it in here because 954 00:44:51,190 --> 00:44:50,079 everything just goes a b c d there's no 955 00:44:54,309 --> 00:44:51,200 real like 956 00:44:55,670 --> 00:44:54,319 stopping point in the whole uh flow 957 00:44:57,430 --> 00:44:55,680 uh sometimes things i probably should 958 00:44:59,430 --> 00:44:57,440 change that uh but usually if i find a 959 00:45:02,710 --> 00:44:59,440 good starting point in the episode 960 00:45:04,309 --> 00:45:02,720 it's time for another episode so right 961 00:45:06,230 --> 00:45:04,319 right uh so we can make it harder and 962 00:45:07,670 --> 00:45:06,240 sort things into them and i think also i 963 00:45:08,470 --> 00:45:07,680 try to play the scripts too much once 964 00:45:09,990 --> 00:45:08,480 they get to 965 00:45:11,430 --> 00:45:10,000 the right zone you know they've been 966 00:45:13,589 --> 00:45:11,440 edited on for a few days by the 967 00:45:14,870 --> 00:45:13,599 volunteers that's when it's recorded 968 00:45:16,390 --> 00:45:14,880 and they come back in a couple months 969 00:45:16,950 --> 00:45:16,400 later to put the video overlay on you 970 00:45:18,150 --> 00:45:16,960 know 971 00:45:19,990 --> 00:45:18,160 well i want to start off the 972 00:45:24,230 --> 00:45:20,000 conversation tonight uh 973 00:45:27,670 --> 00:45:24,240 with probably um 974 00:45:28,390 --> 00:45:27,680 the biggest and most controversial 975 00:45:31,990 --> 00:45:28,400 subject 976 00:45:34,870 --> 00:45:32,000 in all of uh theoretical mechanical 977 00:45:35,910 --> 00:45:34,880 any version of quantum physics or 978 00:45:39,589 --> 00:45:35,920 quantum mechanics 979 00:45:43,270 --> 00:45:39,599 quantum theory um which is 980 00:45:46,870 --> 00:45:43,280 measurement measurement and observation 981 00:45:48,950 --> 00:45:46,880 and it's a crazy subject 982 00:45:51,910 --> 00:45:48,960 because it's the biggest it's the 983 00:45:55,030 --> 00:45:51,920 broadest it's the foundation 984 00:45:58,710 --> 00:45:55,040 without a definition or agreement 985 00:46:00,069 --> 00:45:58,720 which is a very crazy thing to base a 986 00:46:02,150 --> 00:46:00,079 life on 987 00:46:03,510 --> 00:46:02,160 when you can't get two physicists to 988 00:46:06,870 --> 00:46:03,520 talk the same about it 989 00:46:07,430 --> 00:46:06,880 but there's that and so before we get 990 00:46:09,589 --> 00:46:07,440 started 991 00:46:10,870 --> 00:46:09,599 i had wrote earlier this week i want to 992 00:46:14,230 --> 00:46:10,880 run this by you 993 00:46:17,510 --> 00:46:14,240 i said so you're you're in physics 101 994 00:46:20,309 --> 00:46:17,520 freshman year college right 995 00:46:21,750 --> 00:46:20,319 and you're all excited first day and you 996 00:46:23,990 --> 00:46:21,760 raise your hand 997 00:46:25,670 --> 00:46:24,000 to to your professor standing in front 998 00:46:28,550 --> 00:46:25,680 of you and you go 999 00:46:30,470 --> 00:46:28,560 and he picks you and you go what is 1000 00:46:32,550 --> 00:46:30,480 measurement 1001 00:46:35,670 --> 00:46:32,560 and the professor is going to say 1002 00:46:39,990 --> 00:46:38,630 it's the foundation of everything but 1003 00:46:41,670 --> 00:46:40,000 it's not in your textbook 1004 00:46:43,030 --> 00:46:41,680 and i don't know what it is next 1005 00:46:44,390 --> 00:46:43,040 question please 1006 00:46:47,109 --> 00:46:44,400 right and then you're going to raise 1007 00:46:49,109 --> 00:46:47,119 your hand again and say 1008 00:46:50,309 --> 00:46:49,119 but what about bohr what about 1009 00:46:52,470 --> 00:46:50,319 heisenberg what about 1010 00:46:53,349 --> 00:46:52,480 uh you know what went on in copenhagen 1011 00:46:55,910 --> 00:46:53,359 what went on 1012 00:46:56,550 --> 00:46:55,920 and then later they and that and quantum 1013 00:46:58,710 --> 00:46:56,560 and then 1014 00:47:00,470 --> 00:46:58,720 a measurement was brought and and the 1015 00:47:01,349 --> 00:47:00,480 professor's going to cut you off again 1016 00:47:04,710 --> 00:47:01,359 and say 1017 00:47:06,550 --> 00:47:04,720 none of them agreed they only agreed on 1018 00:47:10,069 --> 00:47:06,560 the word 1019 00:47:13,190 --> 00:47:10,079 right now saying something like 1020 00:47:16,550 --> 00:47:13,200 that sounds like it's comedic 1021 00:47:20,230 --> 00:47:16,560 like i'm making it up and that it's just 1022 00:47:22,829 --> 00:47:20,240 funny ha ha how far off the mark 1023 00:47:24,790 --> 00:47:22,839 am i from your first day in physics 1024 00:47:26,230 --> 00:47:24,800 class um 1025 00:47:27,430 --> 00:47:26,240 i think we were mostly talking astronomy 1026 00:47:28,950 --> 00:47:27,440 that day and my professor asked me to 1027 00:47:30,950 --> 00:47:28,960 stop asking questions and wait till we 1028 00:47:32,470 --> 00:47:30,960 got that topic but uh measurement was 1029 00:47:34,549 --> 00:47:32,480 one ones i asked about 1030 00:47:36,069 --> 00:47:34,559 there is there has been since before we 1031 00:47:38,230 --> 00:47:36,079 even really had physics that big 1032 00:47:39,109 --> 00:47:38,240 question going back to people like bacon 1033 00:47:40,710 --> 00:47:39,119 is uh 1034 00:47:42,309 --> 00:47:40,720 when we look at something what are we 1035 00:47:43,349 --> 00:47:42,319 really seeing and how much that match up 1036 00:47:45,109 --> 00:47:43,359 to reality 1037 00:47:46,630 --> 00:47:45,119 and how do you actually measure it and 1038 00:47:49,190 --> 00:47:46,640 what does measurement mean 1039 00:47:50,309 --> 00:47:49,200 um you know it's a thing to forget for 1040 00:47:52,230 --> 00:47:50,319 instance we didn't actually have 1041 00:47:54,309 --> 00:47:52,240 thermometers or concept of thermometers 1042 00:47:57,430 --> 00:47:54,319 until like about two centuries ago 1043 00:47:58,870 --> 00:47:57,440 um and uh a lot of these basic 1044 00:48:00,630 --> 00:47:58,880 measurement concepts 1045 00:48:01,750 --> 00:48:00,640 were already starting to hurt problems 1046 00:48:03,030 --> 00:48:01,760 we're always starting to break down 1047 00:48:05,750 --> 00:48:03,040 philosophically 1048 00:48:07,190 --> 00:48:05,760 before we even have the concept of 1049 00:48:09,030 --> 00:48:07,200 quantum coming in there 1050 00:48:11,030 --> 00:48:09,040 and i think people miss is quantum is 1051 00:48:12,470 --> 00:48:11,040 such a word we all know these days 1052 00:48:14,309 --> 00:48:12,480 that we identified the root word of 1053 00:48:17,030 --> 00:48:14,319 quantum is quantifiable 1054 00:48:18,710 --> 00:48:17,040 in individual bit this idea that down a 1055 00:48:20,630 --> 00:48:18,720 certain level the universe is 1056 00:48:21,829 --> 00:48:20,640 split into individual bits that we can 1057 00:48:22,630 --> 00:48:21,839 absorb and they're fuzzy and they're 1058 00:48:24,390 --> 00:48:22,640 hazy 1059 00:48:26,390 --> 00:48:24,400 and that is quantum cast the study of 1060 00:48:27,589 --> 00:48:26,400 the very tiny quantum things that don't 1061 00:48:29,190 --> 00:48:27,599 have a you know 1062 00:48:31,190 --> 00:48:29,200 a broad spectrum of resistance but these 1063 00:48:33,030 --> 00:48:31,200 discrete finite things like a 1064 00:48:34,549 --> 00:48:33,040 an electron a proton a neutron that 1065 00:48:37,190 --> 00:48:34,559 they're not or the quarks they're made 1066 00:48:39,109 --> 00:48:37,200 up of that they're not um 1067 00:48:40,309 --> 00:48:39,119 you know not divisible in a different 1068 00:48:41,750 --> 00:48:40,319 part you have to break them into very 1069 00:48:43,349 --> 00:48:41,760 tiny specific things 1070 00:48:45,750 --> 00:48:43,359 they have certain energy levels they can 1071 00:48:47,829 --> 00:48:45,760 be at as opposed to anywhere in between 1072 00:48:49,109 --> 00:48:47,839 and this is where we started wondering 1073 00:48:51,030 --> 00:48:49,119 is you know 1074 00:48:52,950 --> 00:48:51,040 how connected all things like space and 1075 00:48:54,230 --> 00:48:52,960 time yeah as we got with with einstein 1076 00:48:56,230 --> 00:48:54,240 for instance these things 1077 00:48:57,750 --> 00:48:56,240 which before always seem separate it's 1078 00:48:59,030 --> 00:48:57,760 not just space and time which always 1079 00:49:00,790 --> 00:48:59,040 hear about us being connected 1080 00:49:02,790 --> 00:49:00,800 energy and time are connected momentum 1081 00:49:05,910 --> 00:49:02,800 and and velocity and position are 1082 00:49:07,589 --> 00:49:05,920 collected almost every property in in 1083 00:49:09,990 --> 00:49:07,599 physics in in the universe 1084 00:49:11,430 --> 00:49:10,000 has some complementary property that 1085 00:49:14,470 --> 00:49:11,440 it's very connected with 1086 00:49:15,829 --> 00:49:14,480 at a level of uncertainty and these are 1087 00:49:17,349 --> 00:49:15,839 the things helping the questions of not 1088 00:49:18,950 --> 00:49:17,359 just the philosophical how do we measure 1089 00:49:20,950 --> 00:49:18,960 something but 1090 00:49:22,309 --> 00:49:20,960 how accurate can we ever be with the 1091 00:49:24,790 --> 00:49:22,319 measurement uh 1092 00:49:26,390 --> 00:49:24,800 as an example we're busy calculating the 1093 00:49:27,349 --> 00:49:26,400 nth digit of pi i think looks like a 1094 00:49:29,270 --> 00:49:27,359 trillion 1095 00:49:30,870 --> 00:49:29,280 but inside the known universe you really 1096 00:49:31,589 --> 00:49:30,880 never need more than 40 digits by 1097 00:49:33,190 --> 00:49:31,599 because 1098 00:49:34,390 --> 00:49:33,200 the universe just doesn't scale beyond 1099 00:49:36,230 --> 00:49:34,400 that you would never have occasionally 1100 00:49:37,990 --> 00:49:36,240 need to be more accurate than 40 1101 00:49:39,430 --> 00:49:38,000 even if you're trying to measure one 1102 00:49:40,790 --> 00:49:39,440 atom's width or across the entire 1103 00:49:43,109 --> 00:49:40,800 universe's circle 1104 00:49:45,109 --> 00:49:43,119 you know so quickly off by that amount 1105 00:49:46,710 --> 00:49:45,119 so it's it's very 1106 00:49:47,990 --> 00:49:46,720 strange and fuzzy you can see it washing 1107 00:49:49,270 --> 00:49:48,000 down to the plank level where things 1108 00:49:49,990 --> 00:49:49,280 start to be the point where you don't 1109 00:49:51,589 --> 00:49:50,000 think they can even 1110 00:49:53,190 --> 00:49:51,599 exist beneath that scale it's a 1111 00:49:55,349 --> 00:49:53,200 meaningful concept and that's way better 1112 00:49:57,990 --> 00:49:55,359 the atomic scale an atom's like a galaxy 1113 00:50:01,910 --> 00:49:58,000 compared to the planck scale 1114 00:50:05,510 --> 00:50:01,920 and now when we talk in in these 1115 00:50:07,829 --> 00:50:05,520 terms if we discuss 1116 00:50:10,829 --> 00:50:07,839 measurement don't we have to have an 1117 00:50:12,549 --> 00:50:10,839 understanding or a definition of what it 1118 00:50:15,510 --> 00:50:12,559 is 1119 00:50:17,510 --> 00:50:15,520 and well okay now see that's that's the 1120 00:50:21,589 --> 00:50:17,520 answer 1121 00:50:23,109 --> 00:50:21,599 tautologies but you are actually allowed 1122 00:50:23,829 --> 00:50:23,119 to have tautologies of circular 1123 00:50:25,910 --> 00:50:23,839 reasoning 1124 00:50:27,990 --> 00:50:25,920 in the science and physics it's not 1125 00:50:29,990 --> 00:50:28,000 ideal but you are allowed to have them 1126 00:50:31,430 --> 00:50:30,000 you know what is space and if you look 1127 00:50:32,069 --> 00:50:31,440 up the definition of something that says 1128 00:50:37,430 --> 00:50:32,079 uh 1129 00:50:38,710 --> 00:50:37,440 look something up and 1130 00:50:40,549 --> 00:50:38,720 references the other thing and it says 1131 00:50:42,390 --> 00:50:40,559 go look the other one back up that's 1132 00:50:43,910 --> 00:50:42,400 allowed inside the sciences these are 1133 00:50:45,750 --> 00:50:43,920 discrete concepts that can only be 1134 00:50:47,030 --> 00:50:45,760 explained in terms of each other it's 1135 00:50:48,549 --> 00:50:47,040 kind of neat that they turn out to have 1136 00:50:49,510 --> 00:50:48,559 complementary things like energy and 1137 00:50:52,309 --> 00:50:49,520 time too 1138 00:50:54,069 --> 00:50:52,319 but um we don't really have a clear 1139 00:50:56,549 --> 00:50:54,079 definition of measurement beyond 1140 00:50:58,230 --> 00:50:56,559 here's how i take something and quantify 1141 00:51:00,870 --> 00:50:58,240 something else in terms of it 1142 00:51:02,150 --> 00:51:00,880 um you know the three laws of thorium 1143 00:51:03,829 --> 00:51:02,160 was very famous and we had to make 1144 00:51:05,829 --> 00:51:03,839 another one a zeroth law 1145 00:51:07,430 --> 00:51:05,839 that simply just says thermometers walk 1146 00:51:11,109 --> 00:51:07,440 that is the zeroth law of 1147 00:51:14,230 --> 00:51:11,119 right right okay 1148 00:51:20,390 --> 00:51:14,240 so what is your definition 1149 00:51:23,510 --> 00:51:21,750 i don't know that i could give a very 1150 00:51:26,950 --> 00:51:23,520 good one uh yeah that's that's 1151 00:51:30,790 --> 00:51:26,960 that's my answer isn't that how can that 1152 00:51:33,910 --> 00:51:30,800 be when we know that measurement 1153 00:51:35,270 --> 00:51:33,920 and observation is first off the 1154 00:51:37,430 --> 00:51:35,280 foundation 1155 00:51:39,510 --> 00:51:37,440 of everything in quantum physics quantum 1156 00:51:42,790 --> 00:51:39,520 mechanics you just said it yourself 1157 00:51:45,109 --> 00:51:42,800 uh velocity right we 1158 00:51:47,349 --> 00:51:45,119 you know you have these uh two three 1159 00:51:50,150 --> 00:51:47,359 four points in physics that 1160 00:51:50,870 --> 00:51:50,160 are at least three of these have to be 1161 00:51:54,390 --> 00:51:50,880 involved in 1162 00:51:57,270 --> 00:51:54,400 any equation to get the number started 1163 00:51:59,109 --> 00:51:57,280 right to get a symbol on on the white 1164 00:52:00,309 --> 00:51:59,119 board you're starting with one of these 1165 00:52:02,069 --> 00:52:00,319 things 1166 00:52:03,750 --> 00:52:02,079 right well you have to accept the very 1167 00:52:04,710 --> 00:52:03,760 concept of numbers being valid before 1168 00:52:05,990 --> 00:52:04,720 you can even start with measurement 1169 00:52:07,190 --> 00:52:06,000 because essentially it's it's how do i 1170 00:52:09,510 --> 00:52:07,200 numerically quantify 1171 00:52:11,030 --> 00:52:09,520 some property and measuring length is 1172 00:52:12,470 --> 00:52:11,040 not the same as measuring temperature or 1173 00:52:14,630 --> 00:52:12,480 measuring time 1174 00:52:16,230 --> 00:52:14,640 and if time is variable to how fast 1175 00:52:17,190 --> 00:52:16,240 you're going through space then 1176 00:52:19,349 --> 00:52:17,200 how do you measure that without 1177 00:52:20,870 --> 00:52:19,359 measuring most of the time and it gets a 1178 00:52:21,349 --> 00:52:20,880 little bit of a philosophical headache 1179 00:52:22,950 --> 00:52:21,359 but 1180 00:52:24,549 --> 00:52:22,960 that's not the only one you tend to get 1181 00:52:25,990 --> 00:52:24,559 in times of these things either you know 1182 00:52:27,589 --> 00:52:26,000 quantum is just 1183 00:52:29,190 --> 00:52:27,599 a quantum is an existential crisis 1184 00:52:30,390 --> 00:52:29,200 waiting to happen so it's relativity 1185 00:52:32,549 --> 00:52:30,400 it's it's hard to really go through 1186 00:52:34,390 --> 00:52:32,559 those things because it isn't intuitive 1187 00:52:35,829 --> 00:52:34,400 it's not wrong though but it's it 1188 00:52:37,430 --> 00:52:35,839 challenges our intuition 1189 00:52:39,750 --> 00:52:37,440 you know what we see at the macroscopic 1190 00:52:41,349 --> 00:52:39,760 level kind of absorbing that that is not 1191 00:52:43,990 --> 00:52:41,359 really how the universe works 1192 00:52:44,790 --> 00:52:44,000 that is just how our local rules work 1193 00:52:47,670 --> 00:52:44,800 now 1194 00:52:48,710 --> 00:52:47,680 is it like the thermometer where 1195 00:52:53,030 --> 00:52:48,720 measurement 1196 00:52:54,390 --> 00:52:53,040 just is in the case of thermometer you 1197 00:52:56,390 --> 00:52:54,400 know you let's say you were taking the 1198 00:52:58,230 --> 00:52:56,400 classic one the little mercury tube 1199 00:53:00,150 --> 00:52:58,240 we say we're going to mark off grades on 1200 00:53:03,349 --> 00:53:00,160 this we know it expands x amount 1201 00:53:06,150 --> 00:53:03,359 and we've been set to zero was in in in 1202 00:53:07,349 --> 00:53:06,160 cold water icy water and 100 uh when it 1203 00:53:08,950 --> 00:53:07,359 was in boiling model 1204 00:53:10,470 --> 00:53:08,960 and we just mark 100 spots along there 1205 00:53:11,990 --> 00:53:10,480 they're evenly placed those are the 1206 00:53:14,069 --> 00:53:12,000 degrees 1207 00:53:15,270 --> 00:53:14,079 but mercury doesn't expand at exactly 1208 00:53:16,790 --> 00:53:15,280 the same rate 1209 00:53:19,030 --> 00:53:16,800 for each of those amounts of energy or 1210 00:53:20,630 --> 00:53:19,040 degrees in it so it wasn't actually 1211 00:53:23,109 --> 00:53:20,640 going up one 1212 00:53:24,950 --> 00:53:23,119 this is why i got three there was 1213 00:53:27,030 --> 00:53:24,960 literally pages and pages about i should 1214 00:53:28,710 --> 00:53:27,040 say pages pages libraries and libraries 1215 00:53:30,710 --> 00:53:28,720 of various ways in which we've 1216 00:53:33,190 --> 00:53:30,720 classified measurement down the years 1217 00:53:34,870 --> 00:53:33,200 uh the entire bureau is based on it and 1218 00:53:36,390 --> 00:53:34,880 things you wouldn't even expect you know 1219 00:53:38,309 --> 00:53:36,400 you've got this big ball that's supposed 1220 00:53:39,510 --> 00:53:38,319 to measure distance but it's 1221 00:53:40,710 --> 00:53:39,520 a different temperature at the place 1222 00:53:42,390 --> 00:53:40,720 you're at or it's different pressure so 1223 00:53:43,990 --> 00:53:42,400 the bar was not as long 1224 00:53:46,950 --> 00:53:44,000 and he'd say well now the ball is wrong 1225 00:53:48,630 --> 00:53:46,960 he said well is the ball wrong or 1226 00:53:49,670 --> 00:53:48,640 are we maybe looking at the idea of 1227 00:53:51,190 --> 00:53:49,680 measurement of this case a little bit 1228 00:53:52,950 --> 00:53:51,200 long in the first place 1229 00:53:55,270 --> 00:53:52,960 and in some cases that's maybe a little 1230 00:53:58,630 --> 00:53:55,280 bit more philosophically valid 1231 00:54:02,069 --> 00:53:58,640 um and then we have uh 1232 00:54:02,790 --> 00:54:02,079 for me and this is where i think most 1233 00:54:06,230 --> 00:54:02,800 people that 1234 00:54:09,190 --> 00:54:06,240 start to get into physics and listen to 1235 00:54:11,030 --> 00:54:09,200 discussions about it it's it's at one of 1236 00:54:13,030 --> 00:54:11,040 those points where you're trying to wrap 1237 00:54:15,190 --> 00:54:13,040 your mind around what measurement is 1238 00:54:16,230 --> 00:54:15,200 because measurement is always part of 1239 00:54:19,670 --> 00:54:16,240 the conversation 1240 00:54:21,109 --> 00:54:19,680 right and you're trying to absorb it 1241 00:54:24,630 --> 00:54:21,119 you're getting into it 1242 00:54:28,470 --> 00:54:24,640 and then observation comes into play 1243 00:54:29,829 --> 00:54:28,480 and the use of observation which we'll 1244 00:54:32,950 --> 00:54:29,839 get to after the break 1245 00:54:36,470 --> 00:54:32,960 which where it goes into total nutsville 1246 00:54:40,470 --> 00:54:36,480 but observation is uh 1247 00:54:43,990 --> 00:54:40,480 used instead of the word measurement 1248 00:54:45,190 --> 00:54:44,000 in a lot of physics where observation 1249 00:54:47,270 --> 00:54:45,200 and measurement 1250 00:54:48,789 --> 00:54:47,280 are the same thing and you would say to 1251 00:54:52,150 --> 00:54:48,799 yourself how can that 1252 00:54:57,270 --> 00:54:52,160 be so now let's move to observation 1253 00:55:00,069 --> 00:54:58,230 trying to think one that's not going to 1254 00:55:02,069 --> 00:55:00,079 be a tautology a measurement being 1255 00:55:04,829 --> 00:55:02,079 essentially the numerical quantification 1256 00:55:06,069 --> 00:55:04,839 of observations we might then say that 1257 00:55:09,910 --> 00:55:06,079 observation 1258 00:55:13,190 --> 00:55:09,920 is you know i i have no idea 1259 00:55:16,230 --> 00:55:13,200 uh how would you i love you man and see 1260 00:55:18,150 --> 00:55:16,240 and and and this is this is one of the 1261 00:55:20,710 --> 00:55:18,160 things and the challenges for me 1262 00:55:21,750 --> 00:55:20,720 uh that i appreciate so much in physics 1263 00:55:23,750 --> 00:55:21,760 is that 1264 00:55:25,910 --> 00:55:23,760 uh you can't get a straight answer 1265 00:55:28,309 --> 00:55:25,920 nobody knows which is fine 1266 00:55:29,109 --> 00:55:28,319 but it's this sense of wonder with all 1267 00:55:32,230 --> 00:55:29,119 of this 1268 00:55:32,870 --> 00:55:32,240 for me i just find it so fascinating i 1269 00:55:35,750 --> 00:55:32,880 don't care 1270 00:55:37,030 --> 00:55:35,760 what level you get in the physics world 1271 00:55:39,430 --> 00:55:37,040 these are the answers 1272 00:55:40,150 --> 00:55:39,440 that we are going to get it's not in a 1273 00:55:42,950 --> 00:55:40,160 textbook 1274 00:55:44,069 --> 00:55:42,960 is it no well i mean there are probably 1275 00:55:45,670 --> 00:55:44,079 lots of folks who have written on this 1276 00:55:47,589 --> 00:55:45,680 topic so who are probably a lot smarter 1277 00:55:49,670 --> 00:55:47,599 than i am and explained it but 1278 00:55:51,829 --> 00:55:49,680 observation is a tricky one how do you i 1279 00:55:52,950 --> 00:55:51,839 mean those forces can you ever trust 1280 00:55:54,150 --> 00:55:52,960 your observations 1281 00:55:56,309 --> 00:55:54,160 you have to work from the assumption 1282 00:55:57,990 --> 00:55:56,319 that yes you can uh not because that's 1283 00:55:59,430 --> 00:55:58,000 necessarily true but because 1284 00:56:00,870 --> 00:55:59,440 if you can't even start on that spot 1285 00:56:02,230 --> 00:56:00,880 you're not going to make much progress 1286 00:56:03,990 --> 00:56:02,240 you have to work on the assumption that 1287 00:56:05,750 --> 00:56:04,000 what you're observing about the universe 1288 00:56:07,829 --> 00:56:05,760 is 1289 00:56:09,430 --> 00:56:07,839 mostly accurate but of course we know it 1290 00:56:11,109 --> 00:56:09,440 isn't you know and again that i think i 1291 00:56:12,470 --> 00:56:11,119 mentioned francis bacon earlier here the 1292 00:56:13,910 --> 00:56:12,480 big point is you reach down and touch 1293 00:56:15,589 --> 00:56:13,920 some polished table 1294 00:56:17,349 --> 00:56:15,599 it feels so smooth but if you look at a 1295 00:56:18,630 --> 00:56:17,359 microscope these brand new microscopes 1296 00:56:20,470 --> 00:56:18,640 they had news around 1297 00:56:22,390 --> 00:56:20,480 you could see these vast mountains and 1298 00:56:23,829 --> 00:56:22,400 valleys of material down there it wasn't 1299 00:56:25,430 --> 00:56:23,839 smooth at all 1300 00:56:26,630 --> 00:56:25,440 uh you know we see the light bounced off 1301 00:56:27,990 --> 00:56:26,640 at certain angles but it tells you what 1302 00:56:29,589 --> 00:56:28,000 the color is and we find out 1303 00:56:30,710 --> 00:56:29,599 that object isn't really green just 1304 00:56:32,390 --> 00:56:30,720 because it looks green that's the light 1305 00:56:34,150 --> 00:56:32,400 that it effects away it's these other 1306 00:56:36,150 --> 00:56:34,160 colors that it's absorbing 1307 00:56:37,349 --> 00:56:36,160 so it is always kind of hard to say with 1308 00:56:38,789 --> 00:56:37,359 observation 1309 00:56:41,109 --> 00:56:38,799 what you really mean by it how much you 1310 00:56:42,470 --> 00:56:41,119 can trust it and i guess science is 1311 00:56:43,829 --> 00:56:42,480 really about making observations and 1312 00:56:45,030 --> 00:56:43,839 trying to do them in a quantifiable way 1313 00:56:46,230 --> 00:56:45,040 that lets us start to check their 1314 00:56:47,510 --> 00:56:46,240 validity 1315 00:56:49,030 --> 00:56:47,520 but it does have to be against each 1316 00:56:50,309 --> 00:56:49,040 other there is a certain 1317 00:56:54,870 --> 00:56:50,319 self-referential 1318 00:56:56,150 --> 00:56:54,880 have to start with the assumptions valid 1319 00:56:59,030 --> 00:56:56,160 but you can't actually prove that inside 1320 00:57:02,549 --> 00:56:59,040 a scientific context of course 1321 00:57:04,390 --> 00:57:02,559 okay now i'm looking at the clock i've 1322 00:57:08,069 --> 00:57:04,400 got about two minutes 1323 00:57:12,230 --> 00:57:08,079 how is it possible to especially 1324 00:57:13,430 --> 00:57:12,240 going back to 1930 okay uh 1927 1325 00:57:17,589 --> 00:57:13,440 copenhagen 1326 00:57:20,789 --> 00:57:17,599 quantum and and and those uh parts of 1327 00:57:22,950 --> 00:57:20,799 uh physics are now introduced you know 1328 00:57:24,150 --> 00:57:22,960 it was a big conference and everybody 1329 00:57:26,630 --> 00:57:24,160 knows about that we don't 1330 00:57:29,349 --> 00:57:26,640 need to get into that but there wasn't 1331 00:57:32,870 --> 00:57:29,359 an ability at that time 1332 00:57:36,470 --> 00:57:32,880 to look at particles this small 1333 00:57:39,670 --> 00:57:36,480 didn't have it so how does measurement 1334 00:57:42,630 --> 00:57:39,680 and and observation 1335 00:57:44,150 --> 00:57:42,640 come into play with stuff that you can't 1336 00:57:45,670 --> 00:57:44,160 see 1337 00:57:46,789 --> 00:57:45,680 you know there's each of these particles 1338 00:57:47,990 --> 00:57:46,799 has an interesting story on how they're 1339 00:57:49,670 --> 00:57:48,000 made but i always think what my 1340 00:57:51,589 --> 00:57:49,680 professor was said to be on these things 1341 00:57:53,430 --> 00:57:51,599 physics at the atomic scale 1342 00:57:55,190 --> 00:57:53,440 is about kicking a dog and measuring its 1343 00:57:56,789 --> 00:57:55,200 properties by how loud it bulks 1344 00:57:59,829 --> 00:57:56,799 basically we ran things into each other 1345 00:58:01,589 --> 00:57:59,839 and see what we're getting as a scatter 1346 00:58:02,630 --> 00:58:01,599 it's crazy and that is yeah that's 1347 00:58:03,430 --> 00:58:02,640 pretty much how we looked at all these 1348 00:58:05,670 --> 00:58:03,440 things 1349 00:58:07,030 --> 00:58:05,680 um some of them we we found as uh you 1350 00:58:09,829 --> 00:58:07,040 know exposures on film 1351 00:58:11,750 --> 00:58:09,839 uh of an accent all those it was you 1352 00:58:12,789 --> 00:58:11,760 know radiation burns on things are those 1353 00:58:13,910 --> 00:58:12,799 it was 1354 00:58:15,750 --> 00:58:13,920 tiny little things like how much 1355 00:58:16,309 --> 00:58:15,760 electron was deflected when it ran 1356 00:58:18,789 --> 00:58:16,319 through 1357 00:58:19,910 --> 00:58:18,799 you know a plate of gold and we started 1358 00:58:21,990 --> 00:58:19,920 getting way better at that but our 1359 00:58:23,829 --> 00:58:22,000 fundamental approach is still 1360 00:58:25,030 --> 00:58:23,839 you know to you know ram things together 1361 00:58:27,510 --> 00:58:25,040 really fast 1362 00:58:29,190 --> 00:58:27,520 and then measure what slams into all 1363 00:58:30,390 --> 00:58:29,200 detectors on the side in terms of energy 1364 00:58:33,990 --> 00:58:30,400 values 1365 00:58:37,270 --> 00:58:34,000 when was the last time you wrote 1366 00:58:39,750 --> 00:58:37,280 an equation on a whiteboard on a 1367 00:58:41,300 --> 00:58:39,760 whiteboard 1368 00:58:43,670 --> 00:58:41,310 not in the last year 1369 00:58:47,430 --> 00:58:43,680 [Laughter] 1370 00:58:49,109 --> 00:58:47,440 are you still smooth with it um 1371 00:58:50,150 --> 00:58:49,119 i probably could still get away with it 1372 00:58:51,750 --> 00:58:50,160 i just don't have any white boards 1373 00:58:54,390 --> 00:58:51,760 around i tend to use 1374 00:58:56,549 --> 00:58:54,400 very old paper but i tend to have a 1375 00:58:59,670 --> 00:58:56,559 thing for handmade people these days 1376 00:59:01,589 --> 00:58:59,680 right right right that's funny um 1377 00:59:02,870 --> 00:59:01,599 but i've always been fascinated with 1378 00:59:09,750 --> 00:59:02,880 that 1379 00:59:12,870 --> 00:59:09,760 physicists 1380 00:59:16,069 --> 00:59:12,880 that their description of 1381 00:59:19,109 --> 00:59:16,079 their uh algorithms 1382 00:59:22,950 --> 00:59:19,119 their sequences their numbers their math 1383 00:59:26,230 --> 00:59:22,960 their symbols is is accurate 1384 00:59:29,430 --> 00:59:26,240 because they are translating their 1385 00:59:31,990 --> 00:59:29,440 numbers for us verbally 1386 00:59:33,349 --> 00:59:32,000 in many cases one things i loved about 1387 00:59:35,030 --> 00:59:33,359 physics it was one of the few places i 1388 00:59:36,950 --> 00:59:35,040 could have a classroom and the professor 1389 00:59:38,950 --> 00:59:36,960 would uh if you you know if you asked 1390 00:59:39,990 --> 00:59:38,960 him why you know if why you didn't 1391 00:59:41,349 --> 00:59:40,000 understand something if you didn't 1392 00:59:42,630 --> 00:59:41,359 correct them if you didn't catch the 1393 00:59:44,150 --> 00:59:42,640 arrow he did it on the board 1394 00:59:45,589 --> 00:59:44,160 he'd yell at you for not correcting 1395 00:59:46,069 --> 00:59:45,599 where as almost every class i was at 1396 00:59:47,670 --> 00:59:46,079 they'd 1397 00:59:49,510 --> 00:59:47,680 get angry that you you know they would 1398 00:59:51,270 --> 00:59:49,520 even ask that they might be bombed 1399 00:59:52,870 --> 00:59:51,280 and you have to take a lot of non-faith 1400 00:59:55,270 --> 00:59:52,880 she can never replicate at all 1401 00:59:56,710 --> 00:59:55,280 but you have to be willing to actually 1402 00:59:58,069 --> 00:59:56,720 attack every premise 1403 00:59:59,670 --> 00:59:58,079 in order to really make progress in 1404 01:00:00,950 --> 00:59:59,680 something as basic as physics or 1405 01:00:02,710 --> 01:00:00,960 metaphysics these are 1406 01:00:04,230 --> 01:00:02,720 these core philosophies of thought and 1407 01:00:06,069 --> 01:00:04,240 how the universe is structured and the 1408 01:00:07,670 --> 01:00:06,079 only way you ever make progress 1409 01:00:10,390 --> 01:00:07,680 is to constantly work on the assumption 1410 01:00:13,670 --> 01:00:10,400 that there's a big arrow going on 1411 01:00:14,069 --> 01:00:13,680 um and you know you have any feel or a 1412 01:00:15,589 --> 01:00:14,079 certain 1413 01:00:16,549 --> 01:00:15,599 feel of people feeling like they have to 1414 01:00:18,390 --> 01:00:16,559 protect their own domain and their 1415 01:00:19,589 --> 01:00:18,400 reputation not be open new ideas but i'd 1416 01:00:20,309 --> 01:00:19,599 say that for the most part physics 1417 01:00:22,069 --> 01:00:20,319 remain 1418 01:00:23,589 --> 01:00:22,079 relatively uncontaminated by it's not as 1419 01:00:26,309 --> 01:00:23,599 bad as a lot of the fears can get 1420 01:00:27,430 --> 01:00:26,319 well physicists today are the modern 1421 01:00:30,630 --> 01:00:27,440 version 1422 01:00:32,950 --> 01:00:30,640 of the priests from the mystery schools 1423 01:00:35,589 --> 01:00:32,960 five thousand years ago 1424 01:00:37,670 --> 01:00:35,599 right we're taking we're taking their 1425 01:00:39,510 --> 01:00:37,680 math on faith 1426 01:00:41,030 --> 01:00:39,520 i don't i can't read it i can't 1427 01:00:42,710 --> 01:00:41,040 translate it 1428 01:00:44,390 --> 01:00:42,720 i mean you you can walk back through the 1429 01:00:45,670 --> 01:00:44,400 basic premises in a lot of cases but you 1430 01:00:48,150 --> 01:00:45,680 won't have done them all you know you've 1431 01:00:49,910 --> 01:00:48,160 got a big row of textbooks on topic 1432 01:00:51,349 --> 01:00:49,920 you learn something you you look into 1433 01:00:52,710 --> 01:00:51,359 something but you take some amount of 1434 01:00:54,549 --> 01:00:52,720 faith and trust yeah 1435 01:00:55,589 --> 01:00:54,559 um you know when was last time ever 1436 01:00:56,870 --> 01:00:55,599 actually wouldn't check to see that the 1437 01:00:58,230 --> 01:00:56,880 actual circumference of i don't think 1438 01:00:59,589 --> 01:00:58,240 i've ever measured the circumference of 1439 01:01:01,430 --> 01:00:59,599 a circle possibly and see if it really 1440 01:01:03,750 --> 01:01:01,440 was pie 1441 01:01:05,430 --> 01:01:03,760 let's take our break right here our 1442 01:01:08,390 --> 01:01:05,440 guest tonight the one and only isaac 1443 01:01:09,109 --> 01:01:08,400 arthur future science with isaac arthur 1444 01:01:11,710 --> 01:01:09,119 the links 1445 01:01:13,030 --> 01:01:11,720 uh for isaacarthur.net or right there 1446 01:01:14,470 --> 01:01:13,040 jimmychurchradio.com 1447 01:01:16,230 --> 01:01:14,480 we'll be right back after this show 1448 01:01:17,829 --> 01:01:16,240 break more with isaac when we come back 1449 01:01:18,549 --> 01:01:17,839 this is faded black and the game changer 1450 01:01:25,340 --> 01:01:18,559 network 1451 01:01:47,030 --> 01:01:25,350 and kgra the planet stay with us 1452 01:01:49,190 --> 01:01:47,040 [Music] 1453 01:01:51,589 --> 01:01:49,200 this is fade to black with jimmy church 1454 01:01:56,549 --> 01:01:51,599 on the game changer radio network 1455 01:01:59,029 --> 01:01:56,559 and kgra the global radio alliance 1456 01:02:00,069 --> 01:01:59,039 this is kgra digital broadcasting 1457 01:02:04,470 --> 01:02:00,079 station 1458 01:02:06,470 --> 01:02:04,480 salt lake city utah van buren arkansas 1459 01:02:08,150 --> 01:02:06,480 hello my name is billy carson and i'm a 1460 01:02:10,390 --> 01:02:08,160 best-selling author and the founder of 1461 01:02:12,309 --> 01:02:10,400 forbidden knowledge dot tv together with 1462 01:02:13,750 --> 01:02:12,319 my team we have built a all new content 1463 01:02:15,349 --> 01:02:13,760 streaming tv platform 1464 01:02:17,270 --> 01:02:15,359 designed with every family member in 1465 01:02:18,549 --> 01:02:17,280 mind if you have ever wanted to travel 1466 01:02:20,069 --> 01:02:18,559 the world and attend lectures and 1467 01:02:21,190 --> 01:02:20,079 workshops from your favorite speakers 1468 01:02:23,829 --> 01:02:21,200 but weren't able to 1469 01:02:24,470 --> 01:02:23,839 look no further forbidden knowledge dot 1470 01:02:26,150 --> 01:02:24,480 tv 1471 01:02:28,069 --> 01:02:26,160 there are dozens of workshops and 1472 01:02:30,150 --> 01:02:28,079 lectures from speakers you know and love 1473 01:02:32,069 --> 01:02:30,160 we have also included amazing categories 1474 01:02:33,829 --> 01:02:32,079 to assure that your consciousness is 1475 01:02:34,549 --> 01:02:33,839 entertained and elevating on a daily 1476 01:02:36,630 --> 01:02:34,559 basis 1477 01:02:37,829 --> 01:02:36,640 amazing interviews ancient history 1478 01:02:39,829 --> 01:02:37,839 ascension knowledge 1479 01:02:40,950 --> 01:02:39,839 wisdom teachings documentaries 1480 01:02:43,190 --> 01:02:40,960 conspiracies 1481 01:02:45,910 --> 01:02:43,200 mysteries health and fitness conscious 1482 01:02:47,990 --> 01:02:45,920 cooking meditations finance yoga and so 1483 01:02:50,150 --> 01:02:48,000 much more to start your free trial on 1484 01:02:52,309 --> 01:02:50,160 any mobile device or computer surf to 1485 01:02:54,069 --> 01:02:52,319 forbidden knowledge dot tv 1486 01:02:57,190 --> 01:02:54,079 that's forbidden knowledge with the 1487 01:03:00,829 --> 01:02:57,200 number four forbidden knowledge dot tv 1488 01:03:02,470 --> 01:03:00,839 again visit forbidden knowledge dot tv 1489 01:03:05,670 --> 01:03:02,480 today 1490 01:03:08,069 --> 01:03:05,680 listen i know and you know that you've 1491 01:03:10,309 --> 01:03:08,079 always wanted your first crystal skull 1492 01:03:12,470 --> 01:03:10,319 or maybe you're a collector just like me 1493 01:03:14,230 --> 01:03:12,480 but you just don't know where to go to 1494 01:03:17,549 --> 01:03:14,240 find the real thing 1495 01:03:18,950 --> 01:03:17,559 then i met carolyn ford over at 1496 01:03:21,349 --> 01:03:18,960 einsteinthecrystalskull.com 1497 01:03:23,349 --> 01:03:21,359 carolyn is the guardian of einstein one 1498 01:03:24,870 --> 01:03:23,359 of the most respected ancient crystal 1499 01:03:26,549 --> 01:03:24,880 skulls in the world 1500 01:03:28,789 --> 01:03:26,559 all of her unique skulls have been 1501 01:03:29,990 --> 01:03:28,799 imprinted sitting with einstein in his 1502 01:03:31,990 --> 01:03:30,000 sacred lodge and are 1503 01:03:33,029 --> 01:03:32,000 carved from the finest gemstone and 1504 01:03:35,190 --> 01:03:33,039 materials 1505 01:03:37,750 --> 01:03:35,200 imprinting is the process of receiving 1506 01:03:39,270 --> 01:03:37,760 the ancient wisdom from the master skull 1507 01:03:42,309 --> 01:03:39,280 or master computer 1508 01:03:44,069 --> 01:03:42,319 einstein the ancient crystal skull 1509 01:03:46,470 --> 01:03:44,079 to see carolyn's current collection of 1510 01:03:49,109 --> 01:03:46,480 crystal skulls just visit her store at 1511 01:03:51,430 --> 01:03:49,119 einstein the crystal skull dot com or 1512 01:03:53,829 --> 01:03:51,440 click on the banner over on our site 1513 01:03:55,829 --> 01:03:53,839 don't forget to use the promo code jimmy 1514 01:03:58,309 --> 01:03:55,839 at checkout to receive 10 1515 01:03:59,109 --> 01:03:58,319 off of your order today that's promo 1516 01:04:01,670 --> 01:03:59,119 code 1517 01:04:02,950 --> 01:04:01,680 jimmy finding your first or next crystal 1518 01:04:08,470 --> 01:04:02,960 skull is easy 1519 01:04:13,190 --> 01:04:10,549 when you take the beans from central 1520 01:04:14,470 --> 01:04:13,200 america with dashes of indonesian and 1521 01:04:16,710 --> 01:04:14,480 african mixed in 1522 01:04:18,069 --> 01:04:16,720 and then roasted to the dark side of 1523 01:04:21,349 --> 01:04:18,079 fade to black 1524 01:04:24,309 --> 01:04:21,359 you create the ultimate brew of fringe 1525 01:04:25,029 --> 01:04:24,319 introducing the fade to black blend from 1526 01:04:30,549 --> 01:04:25,039 river moon 1527 01:04:31,029 --> 01:04:30,559 customized roast was created for the 1528 01:04:34,230 --> 01:04:31,039 love 1529 01:04:37,029 --> 01:04:34,240 of fade to black the alchemy of 1530 01:04:38,230 --> 01:04:37,039 masterful roasting and smoking the beans 1531 01:04:41,910 --> 01:04:38,240 is in every sip 1532 01:04:43,349 --> 01:04:41,920 of this full-bodied dark java i need my 1533 01:04:45,910 --> 01:04:43,359 coffee doc 1534 01:04:46,870 --> 01:04:45,920 deep with distinct bittersweet chocolate 1535 01:04:49,430 --> 01:04:46,880 highlights 1536 01:04:51,430 --> 01:04:49,440 just like the bunker leaning further 1537 01:04:54,069 --> 01:04:51,440 into the darkness of the roast 1538 01:04:54,950 --> 01:04:54,079 is fade to black blend from river moon 1539 01:04:56,750 --> 01:04:54,960 coffee 1540 01:04:58,710 --> 01:04:56,760 just click on the banner at 1541 01:04:59,109 --> 01:04:58,720 jimmychurchradio.com and use the promo 1542 01:05:03,589 --> 01:04:59,119 code 1543 01:05:13,829 --> 01:05:03,599 f2b blend for 15 off of your order today 1544 01:05:17,589 --> 01:05:15,670 hi this is ray sobs here repping the 1545 01:05:18,150 --> 01:05:17,599 planet and you're listening to my good 1546 01:05:21,029 --> 01:05:18,160 friend 1547 01:05:21,990 --> 01:05:21,039 jimmy church fade to black on the game 1548 01:05:25,670 --> 01:05:22,000 changer network 1549 01:05:26,870 --> 01:05:25,680 and the kgra digital broadcast station 1550 01:05:29,950 --> 01:05:26,880 [Music] 1551 01:05:31,109 --> 01:05:29,960 this is toby kebbel you're listening to 1552 01:05:34,150 --> 01:05:31,119 jimmychurchradio.com 1553 01:05:35,349 --> 01:05:34,160 don't hurt me jimmy i'm only little hey 1554 01:05:37,109 --> 01:05:35,359 i'm adrian grenier 1555 01:05:41,670 --> 01:05:37,119 and this is ari gold we're the honey 1556 01:05:45,670 --> 01:05:43,990 hey i'm adrian grenier and i'm ari gold 1557 01:05:47,910 --> 01:05:45,680 we're the honey brothers 1558 01:05:49,829 --> 01:05:47,920 and you're listening to jimmy church a 1559 01:05:51,430 --> 01:05:49,839 revolution 1560 01:05:53,670 --> 01:05:51,440 jimmy church of fade to black and you 1561 01:05:55,430 --> 01:05:53,680 can become an official fate or not by 1562 01:05:59,750 --> 01:05:55,440 just going to our membership 1563 01:06:01,750 --> 01:05:59,760 section at jimmychurchradio.com 1564 01:06:03,190 --> 01:06:01,760 hello this is serena wright taylor from 1565 01:06:05,109 --> 01:06:03,200 conscious life expo 1566 01:06:06,230 --> 01:06:05,119 and you're listening to fade to black 1567 01:06:08,470 --> 01:06:06,240 with jimmy church 1568 01:06:10,589 --> 01:06:08,480 who holds the lucky pony record for the 1569 01:06:14,230 --> 01:06:10,599 best astrological chart since 1570 01:06:15,910 --> 01:06:14,240 1963. true story 1571 01:06:17,589 --> 01:06:15,920 this is micah hanks of the ghrelian 1572 01:06:19,029 --> 01:06:17,599 report and you're listening to jimmy 1573 01:06:20,789 --> 01:06:19,039 church on fade to black 1574 01:06:23,510 --> 01:06:20,799 across the globe on the game changer 1575 01:06:33,460 --> 01:06:23,520 radio network and the one and only kgra 1576 01:06:46,630 --> 01:06:33,470 radio the planet 1577 01:06:50,309 --> 01:06:48,309 welcome back fade to black i am your 1578 01:06:51,349 --> 01:06:50,319 host jimmy church tonight isaac arthur 1579 01:06:55,750 --> 01:06:51,359 is here tomorrow night 1580 01:06:58,549 --> 01:06:55,760 fader night open lines all night long 1581 01:06:59,510 --> 01:06:58,559 tonight feature science with isaac 1582 01:07:02,710 --> 01:06:59,520 arthur 1583 01:07:05,829 --> 01:07:02,720 and right before the break uh 1584 01:07:08,309 --> 01:07:05,839 talking about uh you know probably uh 1585 01:07:09,589 --> 01:07:08,319 you know just to uh take us back to 1586 01:07:13,029 --> 01:07:09,599 where we were 1587 01:07:16,069 --> 01:07:13,039 uh uh measurement and observation the 1588 01:07:19,270 --> 01:07:16,079 the foundation of 1589 01:07:20,390 --> 01:07:19,280 of all of the quantum scientists is it's 1590 01:07:22,870 --> 01:07:20,400 right there 1591 01:07:24,390 --> 01:07:22,880 okay so when we understand that and 1592 01:07:27,829 --> 01:07:24,400 there is no definitions 1593 01:07:29,910 --> 01:07:27,839 isaac but then we get to as we're 1594 01:07:33,829 --> 01:07:29,920 starting to absorb 1595 01:07:37,829 --> 01:07:33,839 what measurement and observation is 1596 01:07:42,950 --> 01:07:37,839 then the wrench gets thrown into this 1597 01:07:45,990 --> 01:07:42,960 which is this that an observation 1598 01:07:48,549 --> 01:07:46,000 of a particle can do 1599 01:07:50,870 --> 01:07:48,559 a couple of things and one of them 1600 01:07:52,309 --> 01:07:50,880 jumping into the multi-world multiverse 1601 01:07:56,549 --> 01:07:52,319 side of things 1602 01:07:59,910 --> 01:07:56,559 is that another duplicate at that moment 1603 01:08:04,230 --> 01:07:59,920 of observation is created 1604 01:08:07,270 --> 01:08:04,240 somewhere else now 1605 01:08:10,630 --> 01:08:07,280 just the suggestion of that is so 1606 01:08:13,670 --> 01:08:10,640 science fiction right it is such a crazy 1607 01:08:17,030 --> 01:08:13,680 thing for somebody normal to 1608 01:08:21,030 --> 01:08:17,040 to even understand because they're not 1609 01:08:23,510 --> 01:08:21,040 uh the physicists of the world are not 1610 01:08:25,110 --> 01:08:23,520 um suggesting something that is 1611 01:08:28,550 --> 01:08:25,120 unbelievable 1612 01:08:31,990 --> 01:08:28,560 right or that you're misunderstanding 1613 01:08:34,550 --> 01:08:32,000 they are saying exactly that right 1614 01:08:36,470 --> 01:08:34,560 right now yes yeah and and the 1615 01:08:40,070 --> 01:08:36,480 observation could be your dog 1616 01:08:42,709 --> 01:08:40,080 right it doesn't or or whatever 1617 01:08:43,349 --> 01:08:42,719 right it's just right anything well 1618 01:08:46,709 --> 01:08:43,359 everything 1619 01:08:49,430 --> 01:08:46,719 yeah right right right now this 1620 01:08:49,829 --> 01:08:49,440 starts to get too much can we simplify 1621 01:08:53,269 --> 01:08:49,839 this 1622 01:08:54,390 --> 01:08:53,279 just a little bit we can the first place 1623 01:08:56,550 --> 01:08:54,400 we had to start though is 1624 01:08:58,390 --> 01:08:56,560 your your hiroshima's cat and that's the 1625 01:08:59,669 --> 01:08:58,400 one with the cats both alive and dead 1626 01:09:01,990 --> 01:08:59,679 simultaneously 1627 01:09:03,590 --> 01:09:02,000 that is the copenhagen interpretation 1628 01:09:04,870 --> 01:09:03,600 that is at odds with the mini wallets 1629 01:09:05,349 --> 01:09:04,880 interpretation there are several 1630 01:09:07,030 --> 01:09:05,359 different 1631 01:09:09,349 --> 01:09:07,040 interpretations of quantum those the two 1632 01:09:11,030 --> 01:09:09,359 well-known ones in many worlds 1633 01:09:12,789 --> 01:09:11,040 the cat's not alive or dead and 1634 01:09:13,269 --> 01:09:12,799 simultaneously there's a universe where 1635 01:09:15,030 --> 01:09:13,279 it's live 1636 01:09:17,030 --> 01:09:15,040 and the universe where it's dead in 1637 01:09:18,470 --> 01:09:17,040 copenhagen it's both until you observe 1638 01:09:19,829 --> 01:09:18,480 it but there's only one universe once 1639 01:09:20,550 --> 01:09:19,839 you observe it it becomes one of those 1640 01:09:22,870 --> 01:09:20,560 things 1641 01:09:25,349 --> 01:09:22,880 and those two are at odds so like there 1642 01:09:28,390 --> 01:09:25,359 is no alive and dead cat in many worlds 1643 01:09:31,669 --> 01:09:28,400 and there's no alternative reality in in 1644 01:09:33,030 --> 01:09:31,679 in copenhagen but uh the idea 1645 01:09:34,870 --> 01:09:33,040 and this could be one that gets people 1646 01:09:37,030 --> 01:09:34,880 sometimes we're not saying that the new 1647 01:09:38,709 --> 01:09:37,040 universe has been created out of nowhere 1648 01:09:40,870 --> 01:09:38,719 uh in the sense of like some whole new 1649 01:09:43,110 --> 01:09:40,880 universe is being produced out of out of 1650 01:09:44,630 --> 01:09:43,120 absolute nothingness uh there's no 1651 01:09:46,070 --> 01:09:44,640 energy violation going on there in terms 1652 01:09:47,030 --> 01:09:46,080 of like a whole new universe it's always 1653 01:09:48,390 --> 01:09:47,040 energy appealing 1654 01:09:50,390 --> 01:09:48,400 we're saying they kind of always existed 1655 01:09:51,829 --> 01:09:50,400 that they're always going to existed 1656 01:09:53,749 --> 01:09:51,839 and that it's kind of that we're only 1657 01:09:54,310 --> 01:09:53,759 seeing the pits of all dimensions that 1658 01:09:56,310 --> 01:09:54,320 uh 1659 01:09:58,149 --> 01:09:56,320 like imagine a million sheets of paper 1660 01:09:59,430 --> 01:09:58,159 each of its own little ward line and 1661 01:10:01,110 --> 01:09:59,440 theories of events going on they're just 1662 01:10:02,149 --> 01:10:01,120 stacked next to each other and they 1663 01:10:02,470 --> 01:10:02,159 overlap in a couple places where you 1664 01:10:05,830 --> 01:10:02,480 have 1665 01:10:07,669 --> 01:10:05,840 these different alternate futures 1666 01:10:09,189 --> 01:10:07,679 and you also have ultimate past too 1667 01:10:11,030 --> 01:10:09,199 which is something we don't really talk 1668 01:10:13,270 --> 01:10:11,040 to talk about as much but also follows 1669 01:10:16,070 --> 01:10:13,280 from most those interpretations too 1670 01:10:17,430 --> 01:10:16,080 is that same as one event can lead to 1671 01:10:19,590 --> 01:10:17,440 many different futures 1672 01:10:21,110 --> 01:10:19,600 uh depending on how it happens a given 1673 01:10:21,669 --> 01:10:21,120 moment of time could have had many 1674 01:10:23,750 --> 01:10:21,679 different 1675 01:10:24,950 --> 01:10:23,760 paths that all led up to the same event 1676 01:10:26,870 --> 01:10:24,960 you know the the 1677 01:10:28,229 --> 01:10:26,880 a bit of water rolls downhill from any 1678 01:10:29,189 --> 01:10:28,239 even side of a crater still gets to the 1679 01:10:32,070 --> 01:10:29,199 bottom 1680 01:10:32,950 --> 01:10:32,080 um so that at any given moment it's more 1681 01:10:34,550 --> 01:10:32,960 like you're 1682 01:10:36,390 --> 01:10:34,560 even a bunch of strings stretching from 1683 01:10:37,990 --> 01:10:36,400 a ceiling like on a loom 1684 01:10:39,270 --> 01:10:38,000 and you put a ring around all those and 1685 01:10:40,630 --> 01:10:39,280 that you know the horizontal together 1686 01:10:42,790 --> 01:10:40,640 nice and tight where you're at they 1687 01:10:44,229 --> 01:10:42,800 stretch out the sides front and back 1688 01:10:46,149 --> 01:10:44,239 that ring might be the current event 1689 01:10:47,750 --> 01:10:46,159 you're in and all those road lines 1690 01:10:48,709 --> 01:10:47,760 branch off forward and backwards when 1691 01:10:50,070 --> 01:10:48,719 you're in time 1692 01:10:52,790 --> 01:10:50,080 but the kind of notion is you're really 1693 01:10:55,510 --> 01:10:52,800 more navigating your way through 1694 01:10:56,870 --> 01:10:55,520 every single possible configuration of 1695 01:10:59,910 --> 01:10:56,880 matter and energy 1696 01:11:01,110 --> 01:10:59,920 at all and so your universe your ward 1697 01:11:03,110 --> 01:11:01,120 line or you would 1698 01:11:04,470 --> 01:11:03,120 think of it as is basically just the 1699 01:11:06,229 --> 01:11:04,480 path you take through 1700 01:11:07,510 --> 01:11:06,239 every possible conceivable state all of 1701 01:11:09,590 --> 01:11:07,520 which do exist 1702 01:11:11,030 --> 01:11:09,600 that is one version of many wars there's 1703 01:11:13,270 --> 01:11:11,040 a lot of versions of that too but 1704 01:11:14,470 --> 01:11:13,280 uh we can't prove any of them we don't 1705 01:11:16,790 --> 01:11:14,480 have any evidence 1706 01:11:18,550 --> 01:11:16,800 saying which one is which we know what 1707 01:11:19,590 --> 01:11:18,560 the matter seems to do 1708 01:11:21,510 --> 01:11:19,600 and we know that each of those 1709 01:11:23,030 --> 01:11:21,520 interpretations and most the other ones 1710 01:11:25,030 --> 01:11:23,040 properly explain it 1711 01:11:26,390 --> 01:11:25,040 but we can't verify which one it is we 1712 01:11:27,430 --> 01:11:26,400 don't know if it's cooked bacon we don't 1713 01:11:28,950 --> 01:11:27,440 have as many words 1714 01:11:30,550 --> 01:11:28,960 we know if it's one of the other ones 1715 01:11:32,149 --> 01:11:30,560 and there isn't any 1716 01:11:35,669 --> 01:11:32,159 evidence backing any of them at this 1717 01:11:40,310 --> 01:11:35,679 time in terms of which one it might be 1718 01:11:44,229 --> 01:11:40,320 the the observation of said particle 1719 01:11:47,910 --> 01:11:44,239 and and creating at that moment at that 1720 01:11:51,270 --> 01:11:47,920 exact moment uh another identical 1721 01:11:52,390 --> 01:11:51,280 particle is this what brings in the 1722 01:11:55,830 --> 01:11:52,400 possibility 1723 01:11:59,030 --> 01:11:55,840 of not only the multiverse but 1724 01:12:02,070 --> 01:11:59,040 uh alternate versions of you and 1725 01:12:04,070 --> 01:12:02,080 if that is the case one has to ask 1726 01:12:06,149 --> 01:12:04,080 where are these worlds physically where 1727 01:12:08,870 --> 01:12:06,159 do they exist 1728 01:12:09,669 --> 01:12:08,880 and why don't we see them right angles 1729 01:12:11,750 --> 01:12:09,679 to reality 1730 01:12:13,189 --> 01:12:11,760 uh there is a thought inside string 1731 01:12:14,229 --> 01:12:13,199 theory for instance which is another 1732 01:12:15,270 --> 01:12:14,239 theory that we don't have any evidence 1733 01:12:17,430 --> 01:12:15,280 to back up 1734 01:12:19,189 --> 01:12:17,440 that we can only really see the three 1735 01:12:20,630 --> 01:12:19,199 you know dimensions around us that are 1736 01:12:23,030 --> 01:12:20,640 physical dimensions but they also have 1737 01:12:26,070 --> 01:12:23,040 the ones going if you would up or down 1738 01:12:28,149 --> 01:12:26,080 or left left or right angles to reality 1739 01:12:29,910 --> 01:12:28,159 you know a spin board um whatever you 1740 01:12:31,350 --> 01:12:29,920 for that these are actually things you 1741 01:12:33,270 --> 01:12:31,360 could step to back and forth between 1742 01:12:35,430 --> 01:12:33,280 them like brains 1743 01:12:37,189 --> 01:12:35,440 they refer to membranes of reality on 1744 01:12:39,510 --> 01:12:37,199 which universes might lie 1745 01:12:41,350 --> 01:12:39,520 but again we don't know any way to get 1746 01:12:43,350 --> 01:12:41,360 back and forth between them 1747 01:12:44,870 --> 01:12:43,360 and there's no guarantee that you really 1748 01:12:46,229 --> 01:12:44,880 are getting anything back and forth 1749 01:12:47,590 --> 01:12:46,239 between them either 1750 01:12:49,590 --> 01:12:47,600 but if we could find a way to trap 1751 01:12:52,070 --> 01:12:49,600 between them might be very handy 1752 01:12:52,630 --> 01:12:52,080 but in theory there's just so many of 1753 01:12:55,750 --> 01:12:52,640 them 1754 01:12:56,950 --> 01:12:55,760 if every possible every single possible 1755 01:12:58,950 --> 01:12:56,960 state is possible 1756 01:13:00,070 --> 01:12:58,960 i think it would have to be 10 to the 10 1757 01:13:03,350 --> 01:13:00,080 to 77 1758 01:13:05,590 --> 01:13:03,360 possible options and that's just for one 1759 01:13:06,470 --> 01:13:05,600 observable universe and we have no real 1760 01:13:07,590 --> 01:13:06,480 reason to think that would be the 1761 01:13:08,790 --> 01:13:07,600 limitation on it either 1762 01:13:10,870 --> 01:13:08,800 you know our observable universe is 1763 01:13:12,310 --> 01:13:10,880 probably only a very tiny portion of the 1764 01:13:14,310 --> 01:13:12,320 this universe which has nothing to do 1765 01:13:15,830 --> 01:13:14,320 with the other alternate realities 1766 01:13:17,270 --> 01:13:15,840 although if this universe is infinite 1767 01:13:18,709 --> 01:13:17,280 you'd also have the exact same effect 1768 01:13:19,430 --> 01:13:18,719 there where everything possible it also 1769 01:13:21,590 --> 01:13:19,440 happened 1770 01:13:23,510 --> 01:13:21,600 well and that number is so big you might 1771 01:13:25,110 --> 01:13:23,520 as well call it infinite 1772 01:13:26,709 --> 01:13:25,120 yeah i mean after you load it down on 1773 01:13:29,990 --> 01:13:26,719 paper or collapse into a black hole 1774 01:13:34,550 --> 01:13:30,000 yes you that is a big big 1775 01:13:37,830 --> 01:13:34,560 number okay then there is 1776 01:13:39,990 --> 01:13:37,840 the question of entanglement 1777 01:13:41,910 --> 01:13:40,000 which all happens at the same part of 1778 01:13:45,430 --> 01:13:41,920 this conversation 1779 01:13:48,470 --> 01:13:45,440 so the observation happens 1780 01:13:51,750 --> 01:13:48,480 and the particle 1781 01:13:52,470 --> 01:13:51,760 is created and at that point that 1782 01:13:57,510 --> 01:13:52,480 particle 1783 01:14:04,470 --> 01:14:01,110 okay let's let's start there 1784 01:14:04,950 --> 01:14:04,480 when i hear a physicist say and this was 1785 01:14:07,590 --> 01:14:04,960 of course 1786 01:14:08,070 --> 01:14:07,600 einstein's spooky action at a distance 1787 01:14:11,270 --> 01:14:08,080 comment 1788 01:14:13,669 --> 01:14:11,280 right okay when when that happens and 1789 01:14:16,630 --> 01:14:13,679 the entangled particles are there 1790 01:14:17,110 --> 01:14:16,640 and a physicist says something crazy 1791 01:14:19,590 --> 01:14:17,120 like 1792 01:14:20,790 --> 01:14:19,600 this it doesn't matter about the 1793 01:14:23,189 --> 01:14:20,800 distance 1794 01:14:24,790 --> 01:14:23,199 it could be close it could be on the 1795 01:14:28,149 --> 01:14:24,800 other side of the galaxy 1796 01:14:31,910 --> 01:14:28,159 or the other side of the universe 1797 01:14:35,030 --> 01:14:31,920 but the interaction is instant 1798 01:14:36,070 --> 01:14:35,040 now how is it there is no measurement or 1799 01:14:37,590 --> 01:14:36,080 observation 1800 01:14:39,669 --> 01:14:37,600 of a particle on the other side of the 1801 01:14:41,110 --> 01:14:39,679 galaxy or on the other side of the solar 1802 01:14:43,270 --> 01:14:41,120 system 1803 01:14:44,709 --> 01:14:43,280 we know it's very very fast but we 1804 01:14:46,229 --> 01:14:44,719 haven't actually proven it's instant yet 1805 01:14:47,910 --> 01:14:46,239 that would be very hard to prove which 1806 01:14:49,510 --> 01:14:47,920 should be a very short period of time 1807 01:14:51,669 --> 01:14:49,520 for instance anytime you're trying to 1808 01:14:53,270 --> 01:14:51,679 prove anything involves zero or infinity 1809 01:14:56,149 --> 01:14:53,280 it gets very difficult 1810 01:14:57,830 --> 01:14:56,159 but um an analogy i use that it's not 1811 01:14:59,189 --> 01:14:57,840 the best from a strictly 1812 01:15:00,950 --> 01:14:59,199 theoretical standpoint but it works 1813 01:15:01,990 --> 01:15:00,960 pretty well as when we create two 1814 01:15:03,350 --> 01:15:02,000 particles or we do 1815 01:15:05,030 --> 01:15:03,360 something that causes two or more 1816 01:15:07,350 --> 01:15:05,040 particles we involve like a 1817 01:15:09,270 --> 01:15:07,360 an up and down anti-particle pair come 1818 01:15:10,470 --> 01:15:09,280 into existence those are entangled until 1819 01:15:12,630 --> 01:15:10,480 we observe one 1820 01:15:14,070 --> 01:15:12,640 and they have a pair of features they're 1821 01:15:15,669 --> 01:15:14,080 gonna have to be matched up basically 1822 01:15:17,510 --> 01:15:15,679 they might have to equate to zero 1823 01:15:19,110 --> 01:15:17,520 one is spinning up or the other spinning 1824 01:15:20,709 --> 01:15:19,120 downward or clockwise and 1825 01:15:22,390 --> 01:15:20,719 counterclockwise before 1826 01:15:23,669 --> 01:15:22,400 uh and we don't know which one's which 1827 01:15:23,990 --> 01:15:23,679 and the quantum quantum's telling us 1828 01:15:27,110 --> 01:15:24,000 that 1829 01:15:28,550 --> 01:15:27,120 hasn't been torment they'll both 1830 01:15:30,870 --> 01:15:28,560 simultaneously 1831 01:15:32,229 --> 01:15:30,880 both of those until we actually check 1832 01:15:33,750 --> 01:15:32,239 that's copenhagen 1833 01:15:35,030 --> 01:15:33,760 many words that actually is in the case 1834 01:15:36,550 --> 01:15:35,040 there's one what's up and one where it's 1835 01:15:39,990 --> 01:15:36,560 down and there's no evils where it's 1836 01:15:42,310 --> 01:15:40,000 flipped but um we think that 1837 01:15:43,669 --> 01:15:42,320 is decided instantaneously or at least 1838 01:15:45,910 --> 01:15:43,679 you can determine them instantaneously 1839 01:15:47,270 --> 01:15:45,920 but the analogy i use to try to make it 1840 01:15:50,390 --> 01:15:47,280 a little bit more understandable in a 1841 01:15:51,990 --> 01:15:50,400 real world context is imagine if i had a 1842 01:15:53,510 --> 01:15:52,000 piece of paper under which i'd written a 1843 01:15:54,550 --> 01:15:53,520 zero and a one i ripped that sheet of 1844 01:15:55,990 --> 01:15:54,560 paper in half 1845 01:15:58,630 --> 01:15:56,000 and i attached a note to it in a letter 1846 01:16:01,270 --> 01:15:58,640 that said i've written zero or one 1847 01:16:02,870 --> 01:16:01,280 on two letters i'm sending you one i'm 1848 01:16:05,270 --> 01:16:02,880 saying another to your friend 1849 01:16:05,990 --> 01:16:05,280 who lives on alpha centauri the moment 1850 01:16:07,910 --> 01:16:06,000 you open that letter 1851 01:16:09,510 --> 01:16:07,920 up in c one and the explanation you know 1852 01:16:10,630 --> 01:16:09,520 the other guy has a zero 1853 01:16:12,229 --> 01:16:10,640 even though you can't have that 1854 01:16:13,430 --> 01:16:12,239 confirmed for the four years it takes 1855 01:16:16,229 --> 01:16:13,440 him to send that message 1856 01:16:17,990 --> 01:16:16,239 at the stage of light right right yes so 1857 01:16:18,709 --> 01:16:18,000 but you know that instantaneously that 1858 01:16:20,390 --> 01:16:18,719 information has 1859 01:16:22,470 --> 01:16:20,400 traveled to you faster than the speed of 1860 01:16:24,390 --> 01:16:22,480 light you know what the answer is to it 1861 01:16:26,310 --> 01:16:24,400 um it's that's a trivial example of 1862 01:16:27,669 --> 01:16:26,320 course but what we're saying is that's 1863 01:16:28,470 --> 01:16:27,679 what's happening with these particles 1864 01:16:30,709 --> 01:16:28,480 only 1865 01:16:32,550 --> 01:16:30,719 is spooky because they're actually not 1866 01:16:35,430 --> 01:16:32,560 determined yet that letter 1867 01:16:36,070 --> 01:16:35,440 was a zero to one it always was right uh 1868 01:16:38,709 --> 01:16:36,080 these were 1869 01:16:40,149 --> 01:16:38,719 zero and a one both until i opened it up 1870 01:16:40,950 --> 01:16:40,159 and now the other one on the other side 1871 01:16:43,110 --> 01:16:40,960 of the universe 1872 01:16:44,550 --> 01:16:43,120 knows it's the other one the one was a 1873 01:16:45,590 --> 01:16:44,560 zero and one this was zero one i opened 1874 01:16:47,189 --> 01:16:45,600 up it says zero 1875 01:16:48,790 --> 01:16:47,199 other side the universe summoned his us 1876 01:16:50,550 --> 01:16:48,800 only says one 1877 01:16:53,110 --> 01:16:50,560 that's what is being said by the spooky 1878 01:16:55,030 --> 01:16:53,120 action of distance same analogy but 1879 01:16:56,229 --> 01:16:55,040 what's the mechanism of transit and we 1880 01:16:58,149 --> 01:16:56,239 don't know i think um 1881 01:16:59,350 --> 01:16:58,159 i can't was name at the moment and i 1882 01:17:00,229 --> 01:16:59,360 should but he was suggesting he might 1883 01:17:02,390 --> 01:17:00,239 have uh 1884 01:17:04,630 --> 01:17:02,400 wormholes alone suits again that might 1885 01:17:07,990 --> 01:17:04,640 be little tiny wormholes that's the uh 1886 01:17:10,950 --> 01:17:08,000 ep equals eprp uh theory presented 1887 01:17:12,310 --> 01:17:10,960 and um that's one of the more 1888 01:17:13,590 --> 01:17:12,320 interesting studies i've heard for it 1889 01:17:14,470 --> 01:17:13,600 but the question is always how do we 1890 01:17:17,669 --> 01:17:14,480 prove this 1891 01:17:18,870 --> 01:17:17,679 and it's been something that we haven't 1892 01:17:20,709 --> 01:17:18,880 been able to figure out yet is how to 1893 01:17:21,189 --> 01:17:20,719 actually create approval test to find 1894 01:17:22,390 --> 01:17:21,199 out 1895 01:17:24,390 --> 01:17:22,400 which of these interpretations of 1896 01:17:26,390 --> 01:17:24,400 quantum is right and uh 1897 01:17:27,830 --> 01:17:26,400 to figure out again why does it do this 1898 01:17:29,830 --> 01:17:27,840 we don't know 1899 01:17:32,390 --> 01:17:29,840 couldn't you do it with a deck of cards 1900 01:17:36,550 --> 01:17:32,400 and you and i sitting in the same room 1901 01:17:39,350 --> 01:17:36,560 and you know that we both have hearts 1902 01:17:40,630 --> 01:17:39,360 or we both don't yeah if you're 1903 01:17:42,070 --> 01:17:40,640 essentially counting college you know 1904 01:17:42,790 --> 01:17:42,080 which one the other guy had but the 1905 01:17:44,550 --> 01:17:42,800 thing is 1906 01:17:46,149 --> 01:17:44,560 you would always have had that code it 1907 01:17:49,110 --> 01:17:46,159 didn't change magically 1908 01:17:50,630 --> 01:17:49,120 um you know the notion here is that i'm 1909 01:17:52,550 --> 01:17:50,640 holding the you know the one-eyed jack 1910 01:17:54,390 --> 01:17:52,560 in my hand you got a two-eye jack 1911 01:17:55,910 --> 01:17:54,400 uh and so i know that i've got one 1912 01:17:57,270 --> 01:17:55,920 because you have the other one 1913 01:17:59,110 --> 01:17:57,280 but what we're saying here is that i 1914 01:18:00,709 --> 01:17:59,120 didn't know which one mine was and it 1915 01:18:02,550 --> 01:18:00,719 really wasn't determined until i looked 1916 01:18:04,390 --> 01:18:02,560 at it that's my mouth 1917 01:18:07,430 --> 01:18:04,400 yes exactly couldn't we do that with a 1918 01:18:09,030 --> 01:18:07,440 deck of cards keep them face down 1919 01:18:10,390 --> 01:18:09,040 well you can't really entangle something 1920 01:18:12,229 --> 01:18:10,400 as big as well at least we can't 1921 01:18:13,590 --> 01:18:12,239 integrate something that big yet so well 1922 01:18:16,630 --> 01:18:13,600 we have to work with individual atoms 1923 01:18:18,630 --> 01:18:16,640 now that takes me to my next question 1924 01:18:19,830 --> 01:18:18,640 nice segue you should do this for a 1925 01:18:24,390 --> 01:18:19,840 living by the way 1926 01:18:27,669 --> 01:18:24,400 uh you're really good is this um 1927 01:18:31,270 --> 01:18:27,679 how tall are you five nine 1928 01:18:34,870 --> 01:18:31,280 you're five nine and and 1929 01:18:38,630 --> 01:18:34,880 what's your what's your weight 220 1930 01:18:42,950 --> 01:18:38,640 220 that's a lot of particles 1931 01:18:46,790 --> 01:18:42,960 right yes am i observing you right now 1932 01:18:48,229 --> 01:18:46,800 i am wait wait wait okay let's pretend 1933 01:18:49,669 --> 01:18:48,239 we're in the same room 1934 01:18:52,470 --> 01:18:49,679 right now i feel like we're in the same 1935 01:18:55,830 --> 01:18:52,480 room and i i look at you 1936 01:18:59,070 --> 01:18:55,840 you look at me are we now 1937 01:19:02,149 --> 01:18:59,080 particle for particle 1938 01:19:05,750 --> 01:19:02,159 recreated instantaneously 1939 01:19:06,550 --> 01:19:05,760 somewhere else i don't think we could 1940 01:19:09,030 --> 01:19:06,560 say it that way 1941 01:19:11,669 --> 01:19:09,040 you know we we can say the well what do 1942 01:19:14,070 --> 01:19:11,679 we mean by weak 1943 01:19:16,310 --> 01:19:14,080 you're made of the same particles as all 1944 01:19:16,950 --> 01:19:16,320 the other particles as far as i know you 1945 01:19:19,669 --> 01:19:16,960 don't 1946 01:19:20,870 --> 01:19:19,679 have a makeup of special particles we 1947 01:19:22,310 --> 01:19:20,880 assume that yeah i mean we don't 1948 01:19:23,830 --> 01:19:22,320 technically have a way of checking 1949 01:19:25,669 --> 01:19:23,840 without checking me individually but we 1950 01:19:27,669 --> 01:19:25,679 assume that i made the same basic matter 1951 01:19:30,950 --> 01:19:27,679 as every other object in this room and 1952 01:19:32,470 --> 01:19:30,960 in the universe um but uh how that 1953 01:19:33,830 --> 01:19:32,480 information is transmit in our case well 1954 01:19:35,030 --> 01:19:33,840 we know what's going on 1955 01:19:36,790 --> 01:19:35,040 photons are being absorbed by 1956 01:19:37,990 --> 01:19:36,800 semiconductors they would get turned 1957 01:19:40,390 --> 01:19:38,000 into an electrical signal 1958 01:19:41,430 --> 01:19:40,400 et cetera are sent to the screen uh that 1959 01:19:43,189 --> 01:19:41,440 same kind of thing is basically what's 1960 01:19:44,630 --> 01:19:43,199 happening with your eyeballs too they're 1961 01:19:46,229 --> 01:19:44,640 photons will be absorbed by your 1962 01:19:47,510 --> 01:19:46,239 eyeballs in the cones 1963 01:19:48,550 --> 01:19:47,520 i don't know if those are natural 1964 01:19:49,750 --> 01:19:48,560 semiconductors because i'm not an 1965 01:19:51,910 --> 01:19:49,760 optometrist 1966 01:19:53,189 --> 01:19:51,920 but uh same basic process electric 1967 01:19:55,030 --> 01:19:53,199 signal sent to your brain 1968 01:19:56,630 --> 01:19:55,040 interpreted as an image it's an 1969 01:19:59,030 --> 01:19:56,640 amazingly complex process 1970 01:20:00,630 --> 01:19:59,040 but it does seem to do a good job of 1971 01:20:01,990 --> 01:20:00,640 relaying the image but of course the 1972 01:20:03,430 --> 01:20:02,000 image is not accurate 1973 01:20:05,350 --> 01:20:03,440 we think of each other by the image we 1974 01:20:08,629 --> 01:20:05,360 produce it but that's a very inaccurate 1975 01:20:09,750 --> 01:20:08,639 real image we all share that a visual 1976 01:20:11,510 --> 01:20:09,760 look at me but i'm not seeing you in 1977 01:20:12,470 --> 01:20:11,520 infrared for instance or ultraviolet or 1978 01:20:17,590 --> 01:20:12,480 radio 1979 01:20:19,669 --> 01:20:17,600 um you know we do audio strictly by 1980 01:20:21,750 --> 01:20:19,679 you know sound but like a cat they have 1981 01:20:23,030 --> 01:20:21,760 stereoscopic hearing they they're more 1982 01:20:23,750 --> 01:20:23,040 of a three-dimensional image of what's 1983 01:20:26,310 --> 01:20:23,760 going on 1984 01:20:27,990 --> 01:20:26,320 their reality is different than ours 1985 01:20:29,830 --> 01:20:28,000 they can't see as many colors as us i 1986 01:20:31,590 --> 01:20:29,840 remember we saw as they're dichromatic 1987 01:20:33,590 --> 01:20:31,600 uh we're try chromatic we see three 1988 01:20:35,189 --> 01:20:33,600 colors red green blue they see 1989 01:20:36,709 --> 01:20:35,199 i'm not sure which ones but dear for 1990 01:20:38,390 --> 01:20:36,719 instance can't see orange 1991 01:20:40,950 --> 01:20:38,400 very different universe in that they 1992 01:20:42,470 --> 01:20:40,960 observe than us same place we assume but 1993 01:20:44,390 --> 01:20:42,480 neither one of them is really all that 1994 01:20:47,990 --> 01:20:44,400 real it's a very limited 1995 01:20:51,030 --> 01:20:48,000 view onto reality but if we 1996 01:20:54,709 --> 01:20:51,040 yes okay so if we take uh 1997 01:20:58,390 --> 01:20:54,719 let's just go with observation and we go 1998 01:21:01,350 --> 01:20:58,400 with entanglement and we are observing 1999 01:21:01,910 --> 01:21:01,360 each other and particles or particles 2000 01:21:04,790 --> 01:21:01,920 then 2001 01:21:05,510 --> 01:21:04,800 that would say to me or anybody else 2002 01:21:07,750 --> 01:21:05,520 that's being 2003 01:21:08,870 --> 01:21:07,760 rational about these thoughts and 2004 01:21:12,310 --> 01:21:08,880 theories 2005 01:21:16,550 --> 01:21:12,320 is that there is now 2006 01:21:20,229 --> 01:21:16,560 an entangled version of you 2007 01:21:22,070 --> 01:21:20,239 there would have to be no uh well 2008 01:21:23,910 --> 01:21:22,080 every time you absorb something in the 2009 01:21:26,390 --> 01:21:23,920 entangle when it was had is over 2010 01:21:28,310 --> 01:21:26,400 right the entanglement is is a st 2011 01:21:29,910 --> 01:21:28,320 something creates an entangled state 2012 01:21:31,590 --> 01:21:29,920 right a state being whatever the 2013 01:21:33,030 --> 01:21:31,600 particles happen to be in 2014 01:21:35,110 --> 01:21:33,040 how they're lined up how the deck is 2015 01:21:38,070 --> 01:21:35,120 shuffled the moment you absorb it 2016 01:21:39,270 --> 01:21:38,080 you pull a card over the entanglement is 2017 01:21:40,950 --> 01:21:39,280 over 2018 01:21:42,790 --> 01:21:40,960 you can recreate another entanglement 2019 01:21:44,709 --> 01:21:42,800 but that entanglement is done 2020 01:21:46,149 --> 01:21:44,719 so for instance if i was observing you 2021 01:21:47,350 --> 01:21:46,159 and you were entangled 2022 01:21:49,030 --> 01:21:47,360 then when i observe you that 2023 01:21:50,229 --> 01:21:49,040 entanglement ceases now new 2024 01:21:51,669 --> 01:21:50,239 entanglements are going on 2025 01:21:53,110 --> 01:21:51,679 doubtless but the one that we 2026 01:21:54,470 --> 01:21:53,120 specifically created will end the moment 2027 01:21:56,390 --> 01:21:54,480 we absorb it 2028 01:21:58,229 --> 01:21:56,400 although not necessarily the moment we 2029 01:22:01,189 --> 01:21:58,239 resolve it because 2030 01:22:02,629 --> 01:22:01,199 it can potentially be backward in time 2031 01:22:03,830 --> 01:22:02,639 too 2032 01:22:05,990 --> 01:22:03,840 that's probably a conversation for 2033 01:22:07,990 --> 01:22:06,000 another time well and so 2034 01:22:09,830 --> 01:22:08,000 exactly and if we take these concepts 2035 01:22:11,669 --> 01:22:09,840 and you even go back to the simplicity 2036 01:22:15,430 --> 01:22:11,679 of schrodinger's cat 2037 01:22:18,629 --> 01:22:15,440 you're observing a cat i'm observing you 2038 01:22:19,990 --> 01:22:18,639 so right and we have one of them ignores 2039 01:22:20,550 --> 01:22:20,000 one what if the guy who's observing the 2040 01:22:22,629 --> 01:22:20,560 cat 2041 01:22:25,189 --> 01:22:22,639 is in a room with the door shut that's 2042 01:22:26,870 --> 01:22:25,199 right yes 2043 01:22:28,390 --> 01:22:26,880 right who was doing the absorbing right 2044 01:22:29,669 --> 01:22:28,400 who was doing who was the ultimate 2045 01:22:32,390 --> 01:22:29,679 observer was another case too 2046 01:22:33,750 --> 01:22:32,400 is it it does the universe change like 2047 01:22:34,870 --> 01:22:33,760 we've determined if the cat's alive or 2048 01:22:36,470 --> 01:22:34,880 dead here on earth 2049 01:22:38,470 --> 01:22:36,480 but someone who's observing earth from a 2050 01:22:40,470 --> 01:22:38,480 billion light years away hasn't yet 2051 01:22:42,310 --> 01:22:40,480 so that cash should still be entangled 2052 01:22:43,030 --> 01:22:42,320 we think maybe that cat is still alive 2053 01:22:44,709 --> 01:22:43,040 and dead 2054 01:22:46,310 --> 01:22:44,719 and i'm still either sad or happy that 2055 01:22:47,669 --> 01:22:46,320 my cat is dead that hasn't been 2056 01:22:48,550 --> 01:22:47,679 determined yet a guy a billion light 2057 01:22:49,910 --> 01:22:48,560 years away 2058 01:22:52,229 --> 01:22:49,920 looks at it and now it's determined for 2059 01:22:55,590 --> 01:22:52,239 him was i still 2060 01:22:58,709 --> 01:22:55,600 in a state of both until he absorbed me 2061 01:23:01,750 --> 01:22:58,719 we don't know you know it's it's um 2062 01:23:04,709 --> 01:23:01,760 is there a final you know is there 2063 01:23:05,669 --> 01:23:04,719 a event that is actually solid say 2064 01:23:06,870 --> 01:23:05,679 something where the event has 2065 01:23:07,669 --> 01:23:06,880 specifically happened and it's now 2066 01:23:09,910 --> 01:23:07,679 occurred 2067 01:23:11,990 --> 01:23:09,920 or is it always blowing around like that 2068 01:23:14,149 --> 01:23:12,000 and not determined until someone sees it 2069 01:23:16,390 --> 01:23:14,159 what qualifies as a legitimate observer 2070 01:23:19,189 --> 01:23:16,400 and what makes an observer is it just 2071 01:23:20,790 --> 01:23:19,199 an event or does the observer require a 2072 01:23:22,149 --> 01:23:20,800 special quality 2073 01:23:23,590 --> 01:23:22,159 is there such a real thing as an 2074 01:23:24,950 --> 01:23:23,600 observer as opposed to just some other 2075 01:23:28,470 --> 01:23:24,960 event taking place 2076 01:23:32,070 --> 01:23:28,480 have you ever uh pondered 2077 01:23:34,229 --> 01:23:32,080 if if all of this plays out 2078 01:23:36,790 --> 01:23:34,239 right can't prove a la you know we may 2079 01:23:40,070 --> 01:23:36,800 never prove a lot of this 2080 01:23:41,430 --> 01:23:40,080 but the equations in the math say it is 2081 01:23:44,709 --> 01:23:41,440 so 2082 01:23:48,390 --> 01:23:44,719 that maybe ghosts 2083 01:23:50,629 --> 01:23:48,400 are part of physics are part 2084 01:23:51,990 --> 01:23:50,639 of these dimensions that are 2085 01:23:53,830 --> 01:23:52,000 immeasurable 2086 01:23:56,950 --> 01:23:53,840 and we have ghost particles and virtual 2087 01:23:59,110 --> 01:23:56,960 particles built into the theory 2088 01:24:00,950 --> 01:23:59,120 you got to throw that in okay but yeah 2089 01:24:01,270 --> 01:24:00,960 but have you ever wondered about that 2090 01:24:02,550 --> 01:24:01,280 that 2091 01:24:04,470 --> 01:24:02,560 all of these multi-worlds and 2092 01:24:07,189 --> 01:24:04,480 multiverses and things 2093 01:24:09,270 --> 01:24:07,199 may be some of these other parts of the 2094 01:24:12,229 --> 01:24:09,280 paranormal and supernatural 2095 01:24:14,149 --> 01:24:12,239 that we've apparently been seeing right 2096 01:24:15,030 --> 01:24:14,159 trying to be as as rational as you can 2097 01:24:16,550 --> 01:24:15,040 about it because 2098 01:24:18,790 --> 01:24:16,560 it's not so much that that's necessarily 2099 01:24:20,149 --> 01:24:18,800 right you go into these things skeptical 2100 01:24:21,830 --> 01:24:20,159 to some degree it's almost the only way 2101 01:24:23,350 --> 01:24:21,840 to maintain sanity 2102 01:24:24,950 --> 01:24:23,360 no one goes into something like physics 2103 01:24:25,830 --> 01:24:24,960 without trying to be basically your 2104 01:24:27,110 --> 01:24:25,840 motive by 2105 01:24:28,229 --> 01:24:27,120 the universe is a strange place and i 2106 01:24:29,189 --> 01:24:28,239 want to understand it it's beautiful 2107 01:24:30,950 --> 01:24:29,199 it's wonderful 2108 01:24:32,709 --> 01:24:30,960 i want to know more about it so you 2109 01:24:34,870 --> 01:24:32,719 should be going into saying things like 2110 01:24:36,149 --> 01:24:34,880 ghosts might exist yet you might exist 2111 01:24:36,950 --> 01:24:36,159 all these things should come to you as 2112 01:24:38,709 --> 01:24:36,960 saying 2113 01:24:39,990 --> 01:24:38,719 i hope they do what a cool universe will 2114 01:24:41,350 --> 01:24:40,000 be right but she's gonna have to 2115 01:24:42,830 --> 01:24:41,360 approach us skeptically 2116 01:24:45,590 --> 01:24:42,840 both because that's good science and 2117 01:24:46,950 --> 01:24:45,600 because you know you you will go through 2118 01:24:48,310 --> 01:24:46,960 any number of if you're applying to 2119 01:24:49,669 --> 01:24:48,320 major in physics prepare to just go 2120 01:24:51,750 --> 01:24:49,679 through existential crisis after 2121 01:24:53,189 --> 01:24:51,760 existential crisis until you get them to 2122 01:24:57,189 --> 01:24:53,199 the point where it's like 2123 01:25:00,550 --> 01:24:57,199 walking you just get used to it and and 2124 01:25:02,709 --> 01:25:00,560 how is it possible uh to be 2125 01:25:04,229 --> 01:25:02,719 pragmatic and black and white in the 2126 01:25:07,430 --> 01:25:04,239 hard scientists 2127 01:25:08,550 --> 01:25:07,440 sciences as a physicist right because 2128 01:25:12,070 --> 01:25:08,560 it's the numbers 2129 01:25:14,550 --> 01:25:12,080 that you believe in how is it possible 2130 01:25:16,470 --> 01:25:14,560 to be to stay pragmatic when you're 2131 01:25:18,470 --> 01:25:16,480 talking about the multiverse 2132 01:25:21,030 --> 01:25:18,480 when you're talking about schrodinger's 2133 01:25:24,830 --> 01:25:21,040 cat you're talking about entanglement 2134 01:25:27,510 --> 01:25:24,840 where we're getting way out there in 2135 01:25:28,790 --> 01:25:27,520 concept um i mean i guess to some degree 2136 01:25:29,550 --> 01:25:28,800 probably the psychologist's answer would 2137 01:25:30,709 --> 01:25:29,560 be you get really good at 2138 01:25:34,390 --> 01:25:30,719 compartmentalizing 2139 01:25:36,229 --> 01:25:34,400 but uh you know it is uh 2140 01:25:37,910 --> 01:25:36,239 it again how does any of us deal with 2141 01:25:39,430 --> 01:25:37,920 these things you know we all 2142 01:25:40,629 --> 01:25:39,440 at least i hope we all get a chance in 2143 01:25:42,390 --> 01:25:40,639 life to spend a lot of time thinking 2144 01:25:44,310 --> 01:25:42,400 about all these strange aspects of 2145 01:25:46,310 --> 01:25:44,320 reality in which we live 2146 01:25:48,070 --> 01:25:46,320 and you know of course how do you get up 2147 01:25:49,270 --> 01:25:48,080 the next day and go in to walk 2148 01:25:51,350 --> 01:25:49,280 how do you make yourself breakfast and 2149 01:25:52,790 --> 01:25:51,360 just go back to normal when you've had 2150 01:25:54,629 --> 01:25:52,800 some extensive crisis where someone's 2151 01:25:55,430 --> 01:25:54,639 just come by and said that's not how 2152 01:25:58,470 --> 01:25:55,440 time works 2153 01:26:00,310 --> 01:25:58,480 can prove it they say oh my god he's 2154 01:26:01,990 --> 01:26:00,320 right that is not how time works 2155 01:26:03,910 --> 01:26:02,000 this is not how space works this 2156 01:26:05,510 --> 01:26:03,920 universe i thought i lived on which is 2157 01:26:07,030 --> 01:26:05,520 my little town that people tell me is 2158 01:26:08,629 --> 01:26:07,040 even bigger you know none of us remember 2159 01:26:10,790 --> 01:26:08,639 the existential shock of realizing the 2160 01:26:12,709 --> 01:26:10,800 planet we live on is a big sphere 2161 01:26:14,390 --> 01:26:12,719 but you didn't know that when you're two 2162 01:26:15,510 --> 01:26:14,400 you know you you never really thought it 2163 01:26:17,350 --> 01:26:15,520 was flat maybe but 2164 01:26:20,229 --> 01:26:17,360 your universe was your backyard your 2165 01:26:21,910 --> 01:26:20,239 house now it's seven billion people 2166 01:26:24,229 --> 01:26:21,920 and then someone comes by and tells you 2167 01:26:26,229 --> 01:26:24,239 that's just a tiny pale little blue dot 2168 01:26:28,149 --> 01:26:26,239 in a galaxy that is an insignificant 2169 01:26:29,910 --> 01:26:28,159 fraction of the hole 2170 01:26:32,229 --> 01:26:29,920 um but you start getting to work the 2171 01:26:34,070 --> 01:26:32,239 next day and uh you still got 2172 01:26:35,669 --> 01:26:34,080 go turn the car in the morning take a 2173 01:26:37,270 --> 01:26:35,679 shower driving a walk 2174 01:26:39,030 --> 01:26:37,280 how do you do that i don't know how do 2175 01:26:43,110 --> 01:26:39,040 any of us do it it's 2176 01:26:45,510 --> 01:26:43,120 a balancing act but it's fun right now 2177 01:26:47,750 --> 01:26:45,520 okay when we come back we'll we'll 2178 01:26:48,870 --> 01:26:47,760 change subjects but i wanted to ask you 2179 01:26:52,709 --> 01:26:48,880 this 2180 01:26:56,629 --> 01:26:52,719 why isn't it possible 2181 01:27:00,870 --> 01:26:56,639 to have position and velocity at the 2182 01:27:03,990 --> 01:27:02,550 those two are complementary things you 2183 01:27:05,270 --> 01:27:04,000 can know pretty accurately but it's not 2184 01:27:06,629 --> 01:27:05,280 that you can't know them is they can 2185 01:27:07,990 --> 01:27:06,639 only know them with a certain amount of 2186 01:27:09,510 --> 01:27:08,000 accuracy and the more accurate you want 2187 01:27:10,470 --> 01:27:09,520 to be with the one the more uncertain 2188 01:27:12,310 --> 01:27:10,480 the other is 2189 01:27:13,990 --> 01:27:12,320 if you knew perfectly accurately the way 2190 01:27:15,430 --> 01:27:14,000 it was you would it would have an 2191 01:27:16,070 --> 01:27:15,440 infinite velocity be somewhere else's 2192 01:27:17,990 --> 01:27:16,080 wall 2193 01:27:19,910 --> 01:27:18,000 but they're linked together you can only 2194 01:27:21,350 --> 01:27:19,920 be as certain about the one as you are 2195 01:27:23,110 --> 01:27:21,360 uncertain about the other but you can 2196 01:27:26,629 --> 01:27:23,120 still be pretty certain it's a very 2197 01:27:29,590 --> 01:27:26,639 tiny amount it's about 10 negative 33 2198 01:27:30,310 --> 01:27:29,600 or 35 kilogram meters per second very 2199 01:27:33,669 --> 01:27:30,320 tiny 2200 01:27:36,790 --> 01:27:33,679 and and that and it won't work in in in 2201 01:27:38,470 --> 01:27:36,800 an equation right you can't have 2202 01:27:40,629 --> 01:27:38,480 position 2203 01:27:41,669 --> 01:27:40,639 with a particle and velocity at the same 2204 01:27:43,510 --> 01:27:41,679 time 2205 01:27:45,030 --> 01:27:43,520 oh no you you can have the equation for 2206 01:27:46,390 --> 01:27:45,040 it actually works out quite well and and 2207 01:27:47,350 --> 01:27:46,400 we can predict that when science it's 2208 01:27:49,189 --> 01:27:47,360 basically why 2209 01:27:51,430 --> 01:27:49,199 everything at the atomic scale works the 2210 01:27:53,590 --> 01:27:51,440 way it does right why it is that we have 2211 01:27:56,229 --> 01:27:53,600 no idea but the math what works and 2212 01:27:58,950 --> 01:27:56,239 and it works out on experimentation too 2213 01:28:01,669 --> 01:27:58,960 no idea why it does it though 2214 01:28:03,669 --> 01:28:01,679 i remember uh i studied this so much and 2215 01:28:04,709 --> 01:28:03,679 i don't understand the math and i'd uh 2216 01:28:11,669 --> 01:28:04,719 i've 2217 01:28:15,189 --> 01:28:11,679 but it was really funny um i heard 2218 01:28:16,870 --> 01:28:15,199 i i forget the physicist but he takes a 2219 01:28:17,990 --> 01:28:16,880 question from the audience this was a 2220 01:28:20,820 --> 01:28:18,000 couple of years ago 2221 01:28:22,070 --> 01:28:20,830 you know at the end of a lecture and 2222 01:28:25,189 --> 01:28:22,080 [Music] 2223 01:28:28,550 --> 01:28:25,199 he says i'm learning 2224 01:28:31,110 --> 01:28:28,560 physics from your book right 2225 01:28:31,910 --> 01:28:31,120 and he says no you're not that's 2226 01:28:34,629 --> 01:28:31,920 impossible 2227 01:28:37,030 --> 01:28:34,639 and he goes no no no i guess no no 2228 01:28:38,709 --> 01:28:37,040 there's no math in my book 2229 01:28:40,709 --> 01:28:38,719 you're reading my interpretation of 2230 01:28:43,430 --> 01:28:40,719 physics right 2231 01:28:44,070 --> 01:28:43,440 and and that's the position i'm in i 2232 01:28:45,669 --> 01:28:44,080 unders i 2233 01:28:47,270 --> 01:28:45,679 i listen to the concepts and i'm 2234 01:28:49,990 --> 01:28:47,280 fascinated with it 2235 01:28:51,350 --> 01:28:50,000 but i'm not a physicist right and i 2236 01:28:53,030 --> 01:28:51,360 never remember as a reality as you gotta 2237 01:28:54,629 --> 01:28:53,040 be able to do the math to really get to 2238 01:28:56,390 --> 01:28:54,639 enjoy it to four degrees we can talk 2239 01:28:57,750 --> 01:28:56,400 about the philosophy of it and that 2240 01:28:59,110 --> 01:28:57,760 doesn't necessarily require all the 2241 01:29:00,470 --> 01:28:59,120 equations but to really get to mess 2242 01:29:01,990 --> 01:29:00,480 around with it you do have to have that 2243 01:29:03,750 --> 01:29:02,000 math background which 2244 01:29:06,470 --> 01:29:03,760 sadly a lot of folks is not their cup of 2245 01:29:07,189 --> 01:29:06,480 tea but i barely made it out of algebra 2246 01:29:09,189 --> 01:29:07,199 2. 2247 01:29:10,310 --> 01:29:09,199 let's take our break right here our 2248 01:29:12,470 --> 01:29:10,320 guest tonight 2249 01:29:13,830 --> 01:29:12,480 isaac arthur i am your host jimmy church 2250 01:29:15,510 --> 01:29:13,840 this is fade to black 2251 01:29:16,870 --> 01:29:15,520 we got a lot more to talk about when we 2252 01:29:18,390 --> 01:29:16,880 come back we're going to talk about the 2253 01:29:20,070 --> 01:29:18,400 expansion of the universe 2254 01:29:21,590 --> 01:29:20,080 and it's not going to be what you think 2255 01:29:22,229 --> 01:29:21,600 this is fade to black i'm real timmy 2256 01:29:24,149 --> 01:29:22,239 church 2257 01:29:42,229 --> 01:29:24,159 more with isaac arthur after this short 2258 01:29:48,470 --> 01:29:45,350 way out here we listen to jimmy church 2259 01:29:50,310 --> 01:29:48,480 you're listening to fade to black 2260 01:29:52,390 --> 01:29:50,320 always on the edge of the hottest 2261 01:30:10,310 --> 01:29:52,400 alternative talk jimmy church 2262 01:30:14,390 --> 01:30:12,390 do you want to be an official fate or 2263 01:30:16,470 --> 01:30:14,400 not of course you do 2264 01:30:17,990 --> 01:30:16,480 this is jimmy churchill fade to black 2265 01:30:21,510 --> 01:30:18,000 just go to our membership 2266 01:30:23,510 --> 01:30:21,520 section at jimmy jimmychurchradio.com 2267 01:30:25,350 --> 01:30:23,520 fader knots when you think about the 2268 01:30:27,189 --> 01:30:25,360 future of our country and where we're 2269 01:30:28,149 --> 01:30:27,199 headed do you wonder about the food 2270 01:30:32,310 --> 01:30:28,159 supply 2271 01:30:34,390 --> 01:30:32,320 chain could be disastrous 2272 01:30:36,709 --> 01:30:34,400 and they usually occur with little 2273 01:30:37,750 --> 01:30:36,719 warning that's why the smartest thing 2274 01:30:40,870 --> 01:30:37,760 you can do today 2275 01:30:43,270 --> 01:30:40,880 is to stockpile emergency food water 2276 01:30:43,910 --> 01:30:43,280 and other essentials i personally 2277 01:30:46,550 --> 01:30:43,920 recommend 2278 01:30:49,030 --> 01:30:46,560 my patriot supply they're the nation's 2279 01:30:51,270 --> 01:30:49,040 largest emergency preparedness company 2280 01:30:52,390 --> 01:30:51,280 serving millions of customers for more 2281 01:30:54,790 --> 01:30:52,400 than a decade 2282 01:30:57,430 --> 01:30:54,800 in fact they're the only source my 2283 01:31:00,149 --> 01:30:57,440 family trusts for our preparedness plan 2284 01:31:02,629 --> 01:31:00,159 you should too right now save twenty 2285 01:31:04,550 --> 01:31:02,639 percent off of full four week supply of 2286 01:31:08,149 --> 01:31:04,560 delicious meals that provide 2 2287 01:31:11,110 --> 01:31:08,159 000 calories a day saving 20 helps too 2288 01:31:14,070 --> 01:31:11,120 doesn't it especially now so go to 2289 01:31:17,350 --> 01:31:14,080 prepare with jimmy.com and get ready 2290 01:31:18,709 --> 01:31:17,360 that's prepare with jimmy.com there's no 2291 01:31:21,990 --> 01:31:18,719 time to lose 2292 01:31:28,229 --> 01:31:25,950 so you love talk radio then you'll love 2293 01:31:30,790 --> 01:31:28,239 talkstreamlive.com talk stream live 2294 01:31:32,070 --> 01:31:30,800 is always on 24 7 with the best 2295 01:31:34,149 --> 01:31:32,080 streaming talk shows 2296 01:31:35,669 --> 01:31:34,159 find your favorite talkers and discover 2297 01:31:38,310 --> 01:31:35,679 some new ones it's free 2298 01:31:40,070 --> 01:31:38,320 readily available online or on mobile 2299 01:31:42,070 --> 01:31:40,080 with any smartphone or tablet 2300 01:31:44,790 --> 01:31:42,080 finding your favorite talk shows all in 2301 01:31:54,630 --> 01:31:44,800 one place has gotten a whole lot easier 2302 01:31:58,360 --> 01:31:57,110 [Music] 2303 01:32:01,430 --> 01:31:58,370 does the downl 2304 01:32:01,430 --> 01:32:01,440 [Music] 2305 01:32:01,440 --> 01:32:06,470 kg r a radio.com 2306 01:32:10,830 --> 01:32:08,550 you are listening to fate to black with 2307 01:32:13,350 --> 01:32:10,840 jimmy church on the game changing 2308 01:32:15,830 --> 01:32:13,360 network 2309 01:32:16,950 --> 01:32:15,840 hi i'm rhys evans you're listening to 2310 01:32:20,070 --> 01:32:16,960 jimmy church 2311 01:32:21,350 --> 01:32:20,080 this is revolution the revolution will 2312 01:32:24,870 --> 01:32:21,360 not be televised 2313 01:32:27,790 --> 01:32:24,880 the revolution is on radio 2314 01:32:52,830 --> 01:32:27,800 ciao 2315 01:32:52,840 --> 01:32:57,880 so 2316 01:33:07,590 --> 01:33:03,490 [Music] 2317 01:33:10,790 --> 01:33:08,950 welcome back fade to black i'm yours 2318 01:33:11,510 --> 01:33:10,800 jimmy church before we get back to isaac 2319 01:33:13,910 --> 01:33:11,520 arthur 2320 01:33:17,430 --> 01:33:13,920 our guest tonight talk to you about 2321 01:33:19,510 --> 01:33:17,440 virtual shield vpn because right now 2322 01:33:22,070 --> 01:33:19,520 there are suggestions that our credit 2323 01:33:24,790 --> 01:33:22,080 scores might be based on our internet 2324 01:33:26,229 --> 01:33:24,800 history in the near future the same way 2325 01:33:29,590 --> 01:33:26,239 banks use data like 2326 01:33:31,510 --> 01:33:29,600 income to judge credit eligibility now 2327 01:33:33,350 --> 01:33:31,520 is how websites could use the internet 2328 01:33:35,189 --> 01:33:33,360 search history in 2329 01:33:37,590 --> 01:33:35,199 in the future researchers studying the 2330 01:33:39,350 --> 01:33:37,600 relationship between finance and tech 2331 01:33:41,510 --> 01:33:39,360 found that data from your browsing your 2332 01:33:44,870 --> 01:33:41,520 search history and your purchase history 2333 01:33:47,030 --> 01:33:44,880 could be used to decide your credit 2334 01:33:48,310 --> 01:33:47,040 in the future you want to prevent this 2335 01:33:51,430 --> 01:33:48,320 from happening to you 2336 01:33:52,790 --> 01:33:51,440 you've got to use the very best vpn so 2337 01:33:54,709 --> 01:33:52,800 you can keep your search history 2338 01:33:58,470 --> 01:33:54,719 separate from your personal data 2339 01:33:59,990 --> 01:33:58,480 i highly recommend virtual shield vpn 2340 01:34:02,390 --> 01:34:00,000 you can see all the computers that run 2341 01:34:04,550 --> 01:34:02,400 this show each night in this studio 2342 01:34:05,990 --> 01:34:04,560 there are six there are two more in the 2343 01:34:09,590 --> 01:34:06,000 studio down the hall 2344 01:34:12,550 --> 01:34:09,600 all use virtual shield vpn 2345 01:34:15,189 --> 01:34:12,560 simple to do go to virtual shield 2346 01:34:17,430 --> 01:34:15,199 virtual shield dot com fade to black 2347 01:34:18,470 --> 01:34:17,440 virtual shield dot com forward slash 2348 01:34:19,709 --> 01:34:18,480 fade to black 2349 01:34:21,590 --> 01:34:19,719 click on the link go over to 2350 01:34:22,950 --> 01:34:21,600 jimmychurchradio.com we have banners and 2351 01:34:25,750 --> 01:34:22,960 advertising over there 2352 01:34:27,910 --> 01:34:25,760 and you can also click on the link in 2353 01:34:31,510 --> 01:34:27,920 the video description box below 2354 01:34:34,870 --> 01:34:31,520 you will get virtual shield vpn for 50 2355 01:34:36,229 --> 01:34:34,880 off today virtual shield all right back 2356 01:34:38,470 --> 01:34:36,239 to isaac arthur isaac 2357 01:34:40,950 --> 01:34:38,480 okay now let's change gears i want to 2358 01:34:44,709 --> 01:34:40,960 talk about 2359 01:34:47,830 --> 01:34:44,719 the universe and the reason why 2360 01:34:50,950 --> 01:34:47,840 the data coming in uh 2361 01:34:52,950 --> 01:34:50,960 today uh about our knowledge of the 2362 01:34:55,910 --> 01:34:52,960 universe and our galaxy 2363 01:34:57,669 --> 01:34:55,920 the numbers are changing um they're 2364 01:34:58,870 --> 01:34:57,679 going up and up and up it doesn't matter 2365 01:35:00,149 --> 01:34:58,880 if we're talking about the total of 2366 01:35:03,350 --> 01:35:00,159 stars in our galaxy 2367 01:35:05,030 --> 01:35:03,360 or the total galaxies in in the known 2368 01:35:08,310 --> 01:35:05,040 universe the observable 2369 01:35:11,189 --> 01:35:08,320 universe or beyond um but we 2370 01:35:13,109 --> 01:35:11,199 do know this and the numbers are are 2371 01:35:16,870 --> 01:35:13,119 getting out of control 2372 01:35:20,070 --> 01:35:16,880 but now the concept 2373 01:35:23,189 --> 01:35:20,080 of the speed of light is 2374 01:35:26,629 --> 01:35:23,199 is getting strange because 2375 01:35:29,830 --> 01:35:26,639 apparently at the outer 2376 01:35:32,790 --> 01:35:29,840 edges of our universe those galaxies 2377 01:35:33,669 --> 01:35:32,800 that part of the universe is expanding 2378 01:35:36,709 --> 01:35:33,679 faster 2379 01:35:40,070 --> 01:35:36,719 than the speed of light now 2380 01:35:43,030 --> 01:35:40,080 let's let's start right there 2381 01:35:45,189 --> 01:35:43,040 is is that possible are you part of this 2382 01:35:47,750 --> 01:35:45,199 group 2383 01:35:49,830 --> 01:35:47,760 we basically define the edge of the 2384 01:35:51,590 --> 01:35:49,840 universe of the observable universe 2385 01:35:53,430 --> 01:35:51,600 specifically the absorbable universe as 2386 01:35:54,149 --> 01:35:53,440 the place where the galaxies at the edge 2387 01:35:55,510 --> 01:35:54,159 of it 2388 01:35:57,750 --> 01:35:55,520 are moving at the speed of light away 2389 01:35:59,350 --> 01:35:57,760 from us the ones out past that are 2390 01:36:00,709 --> 01:35:59,360 strictly hypothetical but we assume they 2391 01:36:02,709 --> 01:36:00,719 exist and they are moving 2392 01:36:03,990 --> 01:36:02,719 away faster on the speed of light and 2393 01:36:06,470 --> 01:36:04,000 most of the ones we actually see right 2394 01:36:07,590 --> 01:36:06,480 now most of the universe that we can see 2395 01:36:09,669 --> 01:36:07,600 since what they'll get from was much 2396 01:36:11,270 --> 01:36:09,679 older has already gone over that thing 2397 01:36:12,470 --> 01:36:11,280 based on our calculations 2398 01:36:13,669 --> 01:36:12,480 it's a funny thing as we always say 2399 01:36:14,550 --> 01:36:13,679 nothing can move faster than speed of 2400 01:36:15,910 --> 01:36:14,560 light 2401 01:36:17,590 --> 01:36:15,920 except the vast majority of the 2402 01:36:19,590 --> 01:36:17,600 absorbable universe is moving away from 2403 01:36:23,430 --> 01:36:19,600 us faster than the speed of light 2404 01:36:24,550 --> 01:36:23,440 and now would would einstein agree with 2405 01:36:28,310 --> 01:36:24,560 this 2406 01:36:29,350 --> 01:36:28,320 let's start with einstein if he was 2407 01:36:32,070 --> 01:36:29,360 around 2408 01:36:33,350 --> 01:36:32,080 what what would that discussion be like 2409 01:36:34,629 --> 01:36:33,360 well we'd already kind of come up with 2410 01:36:35,189 --> 01:36:34,639 the idea that's probably what was 2411 01:36:37,430 --> 01:36:35,199 happening 2412 01:36:38,950 --> 01:36:37,440 while he was still around um and that's 2413 01:36:41,430 --> 01:36:38,960 that's basically notion of the hubble 2414 01:36:43,109 --> 01:36:41,440 expansion 2415 01:36:44,629 --> 01:36:43,119 from which we predicted the big bang but 2416 01:36:45,350 --> 01:36:44,639 it was a little bit more tenuous until 2417 01:36:48,390 --> 01:36:45,360 then 2418 01:36:49,510 --> 01:36:48,400 um the basic notion is that everywhere 2419 01:36:51,990 --> 01:36:49,520 in the universe 2420 01:36:53,910 --> 01:36:52,000 little particles of space time are 2421 01:36:55,430 --> 01:36:53,920 popping into existence everywhere inside 2422 01:36:57,750 --> 01:36:55,440 you right now probably 2423 01:36:58,790 --> 01:36:57,760 very tiny plank-sized ones which again a 2424 01:37:01,830 --> 01:36:58,800 planck scale 2425 01:37:04,149 --> 01:37:01,840 length or volume is to an atom what an 2426 01:37:06,070 --> 01:37:04,159 atom is to a galaxy right there they are 2427 01:37:07,990 --> 01:37:06,080 very tiny but they popping up everywhere 2428 01:37:10,709 --> 01:37:08,000 in the universe simultaneously 2429 01:37:12,310 --> 01:37:10,719 in little bits and random locations and 2430 01:37:13,830 --> 01:37:12,320 if you go farther away from somebody 2431 01:37:15,669 --> 01:37:13,840 there's going to be a good deal more of 2432 01:37:17,189 --> 01:37:15,679 them popping up between you and it 2433 01:37:18,950 --> 01:37:17,199 at a certain point the number will pop 2434 01:37:20,950 --> 01:37:18,960 you up in a given second between you 2435 01:37:23,109 --> 01:37:20,960 and that object if you're far enough 2436 01:37:23,910 --> 01:37:23,119 away is going to start getting to the 2437 01:37:26,149 --> 01:37:23,920 point where 2438 01:37:27,430 --> 01:37:26,159 it's creating space between you at a 2439 01:37:27,910 --> 01:37:27,440 pretty decent fraction of the speed of 2440 01:37:29,510 --> 01:37:27,920 light 2441 01:37:31,350 --> 01:37:29,520 you go double that distance it's double 2442 01:37:33,510 --> 01:37:31,360 that speed and at some point it 2443 01:37:35,510 --> 01:37:33,520 is higher than the speed of light and 2444 01:37:37,270 --> 01:37:35,520 this doesn't actually violate the whole 2445 01:37:38,709 --> 01:37:37,280 speed of light issue since 2446 01:37:40,310 --> 01:37:38,719 the speed of light is kind of a misnomer 2447 01:37:41,430 --> 01:37:40,320 anyway it's about how fast can i move 2448 01:37:44,149 --> 01:37:41,440 information between 2449 01:37:45,910 --> 01:37:44,159 two points and we say that information 2450 01:37:47,430 --> 01:37:45,920 cannot be moved between anything 2451 01:37:49,030 --> 01:37:47,440 faster than the speed of light so it 2452 01:37:50,310 --> 01:37:49,040 doesn't bother us that space depending 2453 01:37:51,189 --> 01:37:50,320 between these things fasten the speed of 2454 01:37:53,350 --> 01:37:51,199 light 2455 01:37:54,950 --> 01:37:53,360 um but that's been one of those accepted 2456 01:37:58,790 --> 01:37:54,960 ideas for a long while now 2457 01:37:59,189 --> 01:37:58,800 now if we take i want the audience to 2458 01:38:02,390 --> 01:37:59,199 just 2459 01:38:05,910 --> 01:38:02,400 imagine this if you blow up a balloon 2460 01:38:09,030 --> 01:38:05,920 and you're watching the balloon expand 2461 01:38:11,590 --> 01:38:09,040 well if it was full of particles 2462 01:38:12,070 --> 01:38:11,600 and you said that's what the universe is 2463 01:38:15,270 --> 01:38:12,080 doing 2464 01:38:19,270 --> 01:38:15,280 and the expansion is happening and 2465 01:38:24,149 --> 01:38:19,280 it can be measured is the speed of light 2466 01:38:25,990 --> 01:38:24,159 if i am next to okay we pick a galaxy 2467 01:38:27,430 --> 01:38:26,000 we know that it's traveling at the speed 2468 01:38:30,149 --> 01:38:27,440 of light uh 2469 01:38:31,350 --> 01:38:30,159 in the expansion of the universe but if 2470 01:38:34,629 --> 01:38:31,360 you and i position 2471 01:38:38,310 --> 01:38:34,639 ourselves out near that galaxy 2472 01:38:41,030 --> 01:38:38,320 we are now at its constant 2473 01:38:41,910 --> 01:38:41,040 yep right so it's not moving at the 2474 01:38:45,350 --> 01:38:41,920 speed of light 2475 01:38:47,109 --> 01:38:45,360 relative to our position in space 2476 01:38:49,510 --> 01:38:47,119 yeah it's moving at the speed of light 2477 01:38:51,109 --> 01:38:49,520 relative to us 2478 01:38:52,550 --> 01:38:51,119 in the sense that it is moving away from 2479 01:38:53,750 --> 01:38:52,560 us faster than the speed fight or at the 2480 01:38:55,030 --> 01:38:53,760 speed of light if we were to transport 2481 01:38:56,950 --> 01:38:55,040 ourselves to where it's at 2482 01:38:58,470 --> 01:38:56,960 it would see us doing the same thing if 2483 01:39:00,149 --> 01:38:58,480 you put two little dots on that balloon 2484 01:39:01,109 --> 01:39:00,159 and that balloon's expanding 2485 01:39:02,950 --> 01:39:01,119 that's kind of the motion that's 2486 01:39:04,790 --> 01:39:02,960 involved there the balloons expanding 2487 01:39:06,310 --> 01:39:04,800 one could imagine that an ant walking 2488 01:39:08,709 --> 01:39:06,320 between two dots on that balloon 2489 01:39:10,149 --> 01:39:08,719 could go back and forth between them but 2490 01:39:11,750 --> 01:39:10,159 at a certain point the expansion that 2491 01:39:13,109 --> 01:39:11,760 balloon is going fast and the ant can 2492 01:39:14,070 --> 01:39:13,119 walk that distance between those two 2493 01:39:16,149 --> 01:39:14,080 dots 2494 01:39:17,590 --> 01:39:16,159 substitute in a particle of light for 2495 01:39:18,229 --> 01:39:17,600 the ants and that's basically the idea 2496 01:39:19,669 --> 01:39:18,239 there 2497 01:39:21,750 --> 01:39:19,679 nothing's really moving but at the same 2498 01:39:23,910 --> 01:39:21,760 time what is motion anyway 2499 01:39:26,390 --> 01:39:23,920 so it is kind of hard to say that that 2500 01:39:28,629 --> 01:39:26,400 is the sole exception 2501 01:39:30,229 --> 01:39:28,639 uh and again everything in the universe 2502 01:39:31,910 --> 01:39:30,239 is moving away from each other 2503 01:39:33,750 --> 01:39:31,920 most of it is moving away fast and speed 2504 01:39:34,790 --> 01:39:33,760 of light so it does make it harder 2505 01:39:36,149 --> 01:39:34,800 harder to say that nothing's really 2506 01:39:37,669 --> 01:39:36,159 moving away from anything else fast from 2507 01:39:40,229 --> 01:39:37,679 speed of light when almost everything is 2508 01:39:43,350 --> 01:39:40,239 actually doing that but at the same time 2509 01:39:45,669 --> 01:39:43,360 right at the same time yes so so if you 2510 01:39:46,950 --> 01:39:45,679 and i are positioned next to that galaxy 2511 01:39:49,430 --> 01:39:46,960 that we know is 2512 01:39:50,390 --> 01:39:49,440 moving away from us at the speed of 2513 01:39:54,070 --> 01:39:50,400 light 2514 01:39:56,390 --> 01:39:54,080 we are now in that position in 2515 01:39:57,910 --> 01:39:56,400 space and we become part of the 2516 01:40:00,870 --> 01:39:57,920 expansion 2517 01:40:02,709 --> 01:40:00,880 right so we're just we're not still 2518 01:40:06,229 --> 01:40:02,719 right space isn't moving past 2519 01:40:08,070 --> 01:40:06,239 us we are now in that part of space so 2520 01:40:11,189 --> 01:40:08,080 now we are 2521 01:40:12,470 --> 01:40:11,199 in the expansion together we are 2522 01:40:14,229 --> 01:40:12,480 all expanding away from each other 2523 01:40:15,030 --> 01:40:14,239 simultaneously again what it comes down 2524 01:40:16,629 --> 01:40:15,040 to is 2525 01:40:18,070 --> 01:40:16,639 little bits of new space are popping up 2526 01:40:20,470 --> 01:40:18,080 everywhere inside you 2527 01:40:22,390 --> 01:40:20,480 inside the planet but it's just so tiny 2528 01:40:23,750 --> 01:40:22,400 relatively speaking that we don't notice 2529 01:40:24,950 --> 01:40:23,760 ourselves being pushed apart by it you 2530 01:40:25,750 --> 01:40:24,960 know we're being pulled back together by 2531 01:40:27,270 --> 01:40:25,760 forces 2532 01:40:28,950 --> 01:40:27,280 we heat up to the galactic scale it 2533 01:40:31,270 --> 01:40:28,960 starts getting kind of noticeable 2534 01:40:32,550 --> 01:40:31,280 most galaxies near us are being held to 2535 01:40:35,109 --> 01:40:32,560 us by gravity 2536 01:40:37,270 --> 01:40:35,119 but barely uh you get further away then 2537 01:40:40,149 --> 01:40:37,280 about 10 million light years 2538 01:40:40,709 --> 01:40:40,159 and that influence of expansion starts 2539 01:40:42,229 --> 01:40:40,719 to 2540 01:40:43,830 --> 01:40:42,239 new spaces pop you up faster than 2541 01:40:44,310 --> 01:40:43,840 gravity can pull those objects together 2542 01:40:47,030 --> 01:40:44,320 well 2543 01:40:48,629 --> 01:40:47,040 gravity is getting thinned out too right 2544 01:40:49,910 --> 01:40:48,639 that is has to run that distance to you 2545 01:40:50,470 --> 01:40:49,920 gravity travels the speed of light 2546 01:40:54,310 --> 01:40:50,480 that's right 2547 01:40:58,149 --> 01:40:54,320 okay so if 2548 01:40:59,750 --> 01:40:58,159 we are you and i are out at that galaxy 2549 01:41:01,510 --> 01:40:59,760 moving away at the speed of light right 2550 01:41:04,709 --> 01:41:01,520 you and i are there 2551 01:41:08,709 --> 01:41:04,719 are we observed from 2552 01:41:09,590 --> 01:41:08,719 earth as also traveling at the speed of 2553 01:41:12,550 --> 01:41:09,600 light 2554 01:41:14,149 --> 01:41:12,560 are we now part of that expansion if we 2555 01:41:16,310 --> 01:41:14,159 were there yes yeah right 2556 01:41:17,270 --> 01:41:16,320 okay but i should note that we would see 2557 01:41:18,629 --> 01:41:17,280 ourselves there because we're moving 2558 01:41:18,950 --> 01:41:18,639 away the speed of light that's just the 2559 01:41:21,629 --> 01:41:18,960 little 2560 01:41:22,790 --> 01:41:21,639 edge of the universe okay right we're at 2561 01:41:25,270 --> 01:41:22,800 99.999 2562 01:41:26,950 --> 01:41:25,280 let's okay so anyway i love this 2563 01:41:29,830 --> 01:41:26,960 conversation 2564 01:41:30,790 --> 01:41:29,840 if we were able to this is your next uh 2565 01:41:32,390 --> 01:41:30,800 episode of 2566 01:41:33,830 --> 01:41:32,400 future science by the way i'm just 2567 01:41:35,109 --> 01:41:33,840 laying it out in front of you you can 2568 01:41:38,870 --> 01:41:35,119 take notes later 2569 01:41:42,709 --> 01:41:38,880 but it's a gift okay so now what if 2570 01:41:45,430 --> 01:41:42,719 we were able to fold space 2571 01:41:47,590 --> 01:41:45,440 not talking about wormholes not talking 2572 01:41:50,550 --> 01:41:47,600 about any other type of travel 2573 01:41:51,910 --> 01:41:50,560 i'm not talking about physical speed of 2574 01:41:53,109 --> 01:41:51,920 light of fat no i'm talking about 2575 01:41:56,550 --> 01:41:53,119 folding space 2576 01:41:57,030 --> 01:41:56,560 so now you and i are moving away from 2577 01:41:59,350 --> 01:41:57,040 earth 2578 01:42:00,229 --> 01:41:59,360 we are observing us traveling at the 2579 01:42:03,350 --> 01:42:00,239 speed of light 2580 01:42:06,470 --> 01:42:03,360 we have that velocity 2581 01:42:10,149 --> 01:42:06,480 relative to our position at earth 2582 01:42:13,669 --> 01:42:10,159 okay and we folded that space 2583 01:42:17,830 --> 01:42:13,679 back and we step 2584 01:42:21,189 --> 01:42:17,840 out are we at the velocity 2585 01:42:24,310 --> 01:42:21,199 that we were at in the previous position 2586 01:42:25,189 --> 01:42:24,320 do we do we pop out at earth at the 2587 01:42:28,550 --> 01:42:25,199 speed of light 2588 01:42:31,510 --> 01:42:28,560 and disappear probably 2589 01:42:33,109 --> 01:42:31,520 um if you because you don't really have 2590 01:42:34,470 --> 01:42:33,119 a velocity from that if you are selling 2591 01:42:35,430 --> 01:42:34,480 appeal here 2592 01:42:36,950 --> 01:42:35,440 and keep in mind there's a lot of 2593 01:42:38,470 --> 01:42:36,960 hypothetical on this because we don't 2594 01:42:40,790 --> 01:42:38,480 have a means for doing this 2595 01:42:42,310 --> 01:42:40,800 but if you suddenly appeal here you 2596 01:42:43,510 --> 01:42:42,320 should have no velocity from that 2597 01:42:45,189 --> 01:42:43,520 expansion anymore 2598 01:42:46,629 --> 01:42:45,199 because that that velocity is being 2599 01:42:47,830 --> 01:42:46,639 caused by the space between you 2600 01:42:49,910 --> 01:42:47,840 increasing 2601 01:42:51,669 --> 01:42:49,920 um it's the kind of like with wormholes 2602 01:42:53,189 --> 01:42:51,679 people will suggest if i took a wormhole 2603 01:42:54,629 --> 01:42:53,199 and i put one bottom end 2604 01:42:56,070 --> 01:42:54,639 you know up in the air and the other end 2605 01:42:57,590 --> 01:42:56,080 down the ground i dropped a ball between 2606 01:42:58,629 --> 01:42:57,600 them right so it fell through the hole 2607 01:42:59,189 --> 01:42:58,639 on the bottom and popped back on the 2608 01:43:00,550 --> 01:42:59,199 other one 2609 01:43:01,750 --> 01:43:00,560 right shouldn't that create a perpetual 2610 01:43:02,950 --> 01:43:01,760 motion machine that's right and the 2611 01:43:04,629 --> 01:43:02,960 answer was no it would actually come 2612 01:43:06,310 --> 01:43:04,639 back through on the math it would just 2613 01:43:08,390 --> 01:43:06,320 fall down there and come right back up 2614 01:43:12,070 --> 01:43:08,400 losing your speed on the way down 2615 01:43:15,109 --> 01:43:12,080 because that's right okay 2616 01:43:18,790 --> 01:43:15,119 but if that is the case where we 2617 01:43:20,790 --> 01:43:18,800 wouldn't possess the velocity 2618 01:43:22,390 --> 01:43:20,800 from deep space at the expansion of the 2619 01:43:23,590 --> 01:43:22,400 speed of light right we come back here 2620 01:43:26,070 --> 01:43:23,600 we fold space 2621 01:43:28,950 --> 01:43:26,080 we're not carrying that velocity anymore 2622 01:43:32,070 --> 01:43:28,960 we're back into space time here on earth 2623 01:43:35,590 --> 01:43:32,080 right yep but what if it is so if 2624 01:43:38,229 --> 01:43:35,600 that is the case what happens if we fold 2625 01:43:41,109 --> 01:43:38,239 space in the opposite direction 2626 01:43:42,629 --> 01:43:41,119 now isaac and jimmy are here on earth 2627 01:43:46,390 --> 01:43:42,639 with our velocity 2628 01:43:48,310 --> 01:43:46,400 in this position we fold space to 2629 01:43:49,430 --> 01:43:48,320 the distant galaxy that's traveling at 2630 01:43:52,229 --> 01:43:49,440 the speed of light 2631 01:43:53,510 --> 01:43:52,239 and we step out if we now have the 2632 01:43:58,470 --> 01:43:53,520 velocity 2633 01:44:01,830 --> 01:43:58,480 galaxy now 2634 01:44:04,629 --> 01:44:01,840 shoot off from us at the speed of light 2635 01:44:06,310 --> 01:44:04,639 and we are is do you see what i'm saying 2636 01:44:07,830 --> 01:44:06,320 we should appear and step out of it and 2637 01:44:09,270 --> 01:44:07,840 have no motion 2638 01:44:11,510 --> 01:44:09,280 except for whatever relative emotion 2639 01:44:13,910 --> 01:44:11,520 there was locally so how could we ever 2640 01:44:16,390 --> 01:44:13,920 catch up to the edge of the universe 2641 01:44:17,270 --> 01:44:16,400 you can't you can't can you it's gone 2642 01:44:19,830 --> 01:44:17,280 it's gone forever 2643 01:44:20,629 --> 01:44:19,840 and it no matter what we do see i'm 2644 01:44:23,910 --> 01:44:20,639 trying to 2645 01:44:26,149 --> 01:44:23,920 cheat science here right how do we get 2646 01:44:27,669 --> 01:44:26,159 to the edge of the observable everything 2647 01:44:30,709 --> 01:44:27,679 that's traveling at the speed of light 2648 01:44:32,470 --> 01:44:30,719 so we can count some galaxies right 2649 01:44:34,149 --> 01:44:32,480 as best as we can well we we lose 2650 01:44:36,229 --> 01:44:34,159 galaxies every day probably 2651 01:44:37,189 --> 01:44:36,239 i i mean probably about a galaxy a day 2652 01:44:38,390 --> 01:44:37,199 if never bits off 2653 01:44:40,390 --> 01:44:38,400 that's how many galaxies are getting 2654 01:44:43,510 --> 01:44:40,400 hammered you know so 2655 01:44:47,350 --> 01:44:43,520 we will the universe and 2656 01:44:49,910 --> 01:44:47,360 especially if it's ftl double ftl 2657 01:44:51,590 --> 01:44:49,920 if you double the distance right yep 2658 01:44:54,149 --> 01:44:51,600 there is no way to 2659 01:44:55,270 --> 01:44:54,159 ever catch up because when you get there 2660 01:44:57,350 --> 01:44:55,280 it's gone 2661 01:44:58,629 --> 01:44:57,360 yeah with one exception is if you could 2662 01:45:00,870 --> 01:44:58,639 make one of the uh 2663 01:45:02,629 --> 01:45:00,880 the hypothetical engines like an alcubia 2664 01:45:03,510 --> 01:45:02,639 warp drive that actually contracts space 2665 01:45:05,669 --> 01:45:03,520 in front of you 2666 01:45:06,870 --> 01:45:05,679 you should be able to catch up that way 2667 01:45:07,590 --> 01:45:06,880 because you're crunching space in front 2668 01:45:10,229 --> 01:45:07,600 of you 2669 01:45:11,189 --> 01:45:10,239 but if you exceed the speed of light 2670 01:45:14,629 --> 01:45:11,199 you're beyond 2671 01:45:17,669 --> 01:45:14,639 infinite mass and energy 2672 01:45:19,030 --> 01:45:17,679 what kind of what kind of horsepower are 2673 01:45:20,310 --> 01:45:19,040 we talking here 2674 01:45:21,430 --> 01:45:20,320 well it's an interesting thought is 2675 01:45:23,030 --> 01:45:21,440 because you should have infinite energy 2676 01:45:25,109 --> 01:45:23,040 at those galaxies that are moving away 2677 01:45:27,430 --> 01:45:25,119 but uh that's what we often mean about 2678 01:45:28,550 --> 01:45:27,440 you know conservation of energy is not 2679 01:45:31,510 --> 01:45:28,560 it does not hold up 2680 01:45:33,030 --> 01:45:31,520 at the cosmological scale uh it isn't 2681 01:45:35,109 --> 01:45:33,040 violated locally but that the 2682 01:45:37,109 --> 01:45:35,119 cosmological scale kind of breaks down 2683 01:45:38,629 --> 01:45:37,119 the kubio drive is working by not moving 2684 01:45:40,070 --> 01:45:38,639 you at any speed at all it's crunching 2685 01:45:41,590 --> 01:45:40,080 space in front of you so 2686 01:45:43,669 --> 01:45:41,600 the same effect that's happening where 2687 01:45:45,430 --> 01:45:43,679 it's creating random bits of space 2688 01:45:46,550 --> 01:45:45,440 to increase the volume of the universe 2689 01:45:48,070 --> 01:45:46,560 you're doing the reverse thing where 2690 01:45:49,750 --> 01:45:48,080 you're basically crunching down bits of 2691 01:45:50,310 --> 01:45:49,760 space and that should allow you to catch 2692 01:45:51,990 --> 01:45:50,320 up 2693 01:45:53,350 --> 01:45:52,000 so if that particular one worked yeah 2694 01:45:55,430 --> 01:45:53,360 could be a warp drive 2695 01:45:57,669 --> 01:45:55,440 or a few other versions that are similar 2696 01:45:59,430 --> 01:45:57,679 that should let you actually catch up 2697 01:46:00,709 --> 01:45:59,440 and leave the local value of space what 2698 01:46:02,470 --> 01:46:00,719 we call the observable value in the 2699 01:46:03,910 --> 01:46:02,480 space the observable universe or 2700 01:46:05,910 --> 01:46:03,920 not quite the same thing but the hubble 2701 01:46:06,950 --> 01:46:05,920 value in that which we live um 2702 01:46:08,870 --> 01:46:06,960 that's one of the ways you could 2703 01:46:09,990 --> 01:46:08,880 hypothetically do that where's the 2704 01:46:18,390 --> 01:46:10,000 energy 2705 01:46:21,590 --> 01:46:18,400 uh start to get too big 2706 01:46:23,430 --> 01:46:21,600 to catch up to the edge of the universe 2707 01:46:24,870 --> 01:46:23,440 if you were traveling classically yes 2708 01:46:27,270 --> 01:46:24,880 but the warp drive thing which 2709 01:46:28,550 --> 01:46:27,280 actually relies on negative energy um 2710 01:46:31,030 --> 01:46:28,560 which is a whole another 2711 01:46:32,229 --> 01:46:31,040 uh you know another can of worms uh 2712 01:46:33,750 --> 01:46:32,239 should allow you to circumvent that 2713 01:46:35,270 --> 01:46:33,760 entire issue there should be no 2714 01:46:36,870 --> 01:46:35,280 kinetic energy involved in traveling 2715 01:46:38,470 --> 01:46:36,880 that distance because again it's 2716 01:46:39,910 --> 01:46:38,480 random bits of matter popping up if 2717 01:46:40,790 --> 01:46:39,920 you're trying to go through those 2718 01:46:42,790 --> 01:46:40,800 distances 2719 01:46:43,910 --> 01:46:42,800 then you have to move fast you have to 2720 01:46:44,550 --> 01:46:43,920 have that kinetic energy but if you're 2721 01:46:46,390 --> 01:46:44,560 just 2722 01:46:47,590 --> 01:46:46,400 removing those essentially it's to 2723 01:46:49,350 --> 01:46:47,600 suggest that we could pop from the one 2724 01:46:50,310 --> 01:46:49,360 university outside the universe with uh 2725 01:46:52,390 --> 01:46:50,320 40 in space 2726 01:46:54,550 --> 01:46:52,400 that's essentially how the rqbio drive 2727 01:46:56,229 --> 01:46:54,560 would work in a case like that only 2728 01:46:58,310 --> 01:46:56,239 in a straight line it's basically your 2729 01:47:00,870 --> 01:46:58,320 warp drive star track 2730 01:47:01,750 --> 01:47:00,880 um as opposed to like the dune style 2731 01:47:04,550 --> 01:47:01,760 space forty 2732 01:47:05,990 --> 01:47:04,560 right um but uh those kind of let you 2733 01:47:09,030 --> 01:47:06,000 get around it but 2734 01:47:10,550 --> 01:47:09,040 i am on the uh high skepticism side of 2735 01:47:11,910 --> 01:47:10,560 the alcubierre drive i would not expect 2736 01:47:13,590 --> 01:47:11,920 that to ever walk or any other things 2737 01:47:15,189 --> 01:47:13,600 like warm horse walk i've 2738 01:47:17,030 --> 01:47:15,199 never found a negative mass particle 2739 01:47:18,950 --> 01:47:17,040 before yeah until they find one of those 2740 01:47:20,830 --> 01:47:18,960 yeah yeah you know who bummed me out 2741 01:47:23,669 --> 01:47:20,840 about that 2742 01:47:24,310 --> 01:47:23,679 him oh yeah well it's unfair it's people 2743 01:47:25,590 --> 01:47:24,320 say well 2744 01:47:27,350 --> 01:47:25,600 you disagree with him he's like no he 2745 01:47:28,149 --> 01:47:27,360 doesn't think it works he doesn't think 2746 01:47:31,270 --> 01:47:28,159 it works either 2747 01:47:33,990 --> 01:47:31,280 you know and and he can describe it 2748 01:47:35,030 --> 01:47:34,000 right he's the one that wrote it up he's 2749 01:47:37,109 --> 01:47:35,040 the one 2750 01:47:38,709 --> 01:47:37,119 and then well you know but it's 2751 01:47:41,109 --> 01:47:38,719 impossible like dude 2752 01:47:42,149 --> 01:47:41,119 you had me you know you had me at one 2753 01:47:44,709 --> 01:47:42,159 point well 2754 01:47:46,470 --> 01:47:44,719 it's it's not necessarily impossible we 2755 01:47:48,229 --> 01:47:46,480 can't prove it's impossible yet it's a 2756 01:47:49,270 --> 01:47:48,239 wonderful idea it's but it probably does 2757 01:47:50,790 --> 01:47:49,280 not work and 2758 01:47:52,390 --> 01:47:50,800 you know i it's the thing i like to do 2759 01:47:54,310 --> 01:47:52,400 about the field is to say i want you 2760 01:47:54,629 --> 01:47:54,320 guys unfairly skeptical new ideas like 2761 01:47:56,310 --> 01:47:54,639 no 2762 01:47:57,750 --> 01:47:56,320 when folks all feel completely free to 2763 01:47:58,870 --> 01:47:57,760 publish that and 2764 01:48:00,149 --> 01:47:58,880 everybody else in the future says that's 2765 01:48:00,870 --> 01:48:00,159 a great idea probably doesn't work but 2766 01:48:02,830 --> 01:48:00,880 great idea 2767 01:48:03,990 --> 01:48:02,840 but still open-minded you can have the 2768 01:48:07,030 --> 01:48:04,000 patent 2769 01:48:09,669 --> 01:48:07,040 just go just go now if 2770 01:48:11,350 --> 01:48:09,679 uh if this is the case i almost wanted 2771 01:48:14,310 --> 01:48:11,360 to ask you what side of the fence 2772 01:48:16,950 --> 01:48:14,320 you are on when we are talking about the 2773 01:48:20,229 --> 01:48:16,960 universe are you an expansionist 2774 01:48:23,430 --> 01:48:20,239 you know how do you uh do 2775 01:48:26,229 --> 01:48:23,440 do you consider the universe infinite 2776 01:48:27,910 --> 01:48:26,239 yes uh that's not a provable thing of 2777 01:48:29,109 --> 01:48:27,920 course you can never prove anything is 2778 01:48:31,350 --> 01:48:29,119 is infinite 2779 01:48:32,629 --> 01:48:31,360 uh but i tend to philosophically work on 2780 01:48:35,189 --> 01:48:32,639 the assumption that the 2781 01:48:37,109 --> 01:48:35,199 sum total reality uh whether you want to 2782 01:48:38,149 --> 01:48:37,119 call it the universe not is infinite 2783 01:48:40,070 --> 01:48:38,159 but i tend to think there's a pretty 2784 01:48:40,950 --> 01:48:40,080 good chance that this universal in is 2785 01:48:42,470 --> 01:48:40,960 infinite 2786 01:48:43,910 --> 01:48:42,480 and then we talk about the big bang that 2787 01:48:45,270 --> 01:48:43,920 would just be our observable chunk that 2788 01:48:46,310 --> 01:48:45,280 was point like it may already been 2789 01:48:48,870 --> 01:48:46,320 infinite before then 2790 01:48:50,310 --> 01:48:48,880 sure um but there's also kind of a limit 2791 01:48:51,990 --> 01:48:50,320 on infinity because 2792 01:48:53,590 --> 01:48:52,000 any infinite system where you're dealing 2793 01:48:55,030 --> 01:48:53,600 with finite portions of it you're going 2794 01:48:57,189 --> 01:48:55,040 to start replicating you're going to 2795 01:48:59,109 --> 01:48:57,199 have things like exact copies 2796 01:49:01,510 --> 01:48:59,119 and i'm not convinced there's a strictly 2797 01:49:03,590 --> 01:49:01,520 philosophical argument that 2798 01:49:04,550 --> 01:49:03,600 two things are identical are the same 2799 01:49:06,550 --> 01:49:04,560 thing 2800 01:49:08,950 --> 01:49:06,560 you know how many can you have more than 2801 01:49:12,470 --> 01:49:08,960 one copy of shakespeare's tempest 2802 01:49:13,990 --> 01:49:12,480 yes it's still just one copy if i pop 2803 01:49:16,310 --> 01:49:14,000 back up into resistance on a complete 2804 01:49:17,990 --> 01:49:16,320 perfect copy of earth down the atom with 2805 01:49:19,430 --> 01:49:18,000 the exact same thoughts exact same life 2806 01:49:20,470 --> 01:49:19,440 just by quantum freakiness and a 2807 01:49:21,830 --> 01:49:20,480 multiverse 2808 01:49:23,830 --> 01:49:21,840 or the universe repeating because it's 2809 01:49:25,030 --> 01:49:23,840 just so infinite in size that sequence 2810 01:49:28,149 --> 01:49:25,040 of events has happened again 2811 01:49:30,070 --> 01:49:28,159 right yeah so in that context 2812 01:49:31,589 --> 01:49:30,080 i don't think a finite universe like the 2813 01:49:33,990 --> 01:49:31,599 one we're in can actually be 2814 01:49:35,669 --> 01:49:34,000 infinite in that in that sense but i 2815 01:49:36,950 --> 01:49:35,679 tend to assume that some total reality 2816 01:49:38,950 --> 01:49:36,960 is yeah well 2817 01:49:40,070 --> 01:49:38,960 particles can only combine so many 2818 01:49:43,109 --> 01:49:40,080 different ways 2819 01:49:45,270 --> 01:49:43,119 exactly so there has to be 2820 01:49:48,390 --> 01:49:45,280 i mean it's just a numbers game there 2821 01:49:51,510 --> 01:49:48,400 has to be 10 to the 10 to the 77th 2822 01:49:54,550 --> 01:49:51,520 there has to be a lot of versions of us 2823 01:49:56,629 --> 01:49:54,560 out there but does consciousness repeat 2824 01:49:59,030 --> 01:49:56,639 like you know there may be a shakespeare 2825 01:50:01,589 --> 01:49:59,040 buddy is he writing the same books 2826 01:50:03,109 --> 01:50:01,599 right and and he presumably didn't there 2827 01:50:04,229 --> 01:50:03,119 should be a lot more versions of him you 2828 01:50:05,750 --> 01:50:04,239 know for every copy of a book that would 2829 01:50:06,790 --> 01:50:05,760 be identical but the one with the period 2830 01:50:08,629 --> 01:50:06,800 was one 2831 01:50:10,070 --> 01:50:08,639 millionth of an inch to the right wow 2832 01:50:11,189 --> 01:50:10,080 and that's but that's the same thing 2833 01:50:13,910 --> 01:50:11,199 more or less 2834 01:50:14,709 --> 01:50:13,920 the duplicate versions of us are not 2835 01:50:21,350 --> 01:50:14,719 talking about 2836 01:50:22,950 --> 01:50:21,360 right or or or whatever or we'll have 2837 01:50:23,589 --> 01:50:22,960 the exact same conversation but i have 2838 01:50:26,870 --> 01:50:23,599 one 2839 01:50:29,270 --> 01:50:26,880 eyebrow hair and that's the only 2840 01:50:31,830 --> 01:50:29,280 difference in the entire universe 2841 01:50:33,510 --> 01:50:31,840 in that other universe i actually have 2842 01:50:37,350 --> 01:50:33,520 eyebrows 2843 01:50:39,990 --> 01:50:37,360 okay now uh inside joke 2844 01:50:41,669 --> 01:50:40,000 will we ever the the current 2845 01:50:43,669 --> 01:50:41,679 calculations the current numbers and 2846 01:50:46,790 --> 01:50:43,679 they go up every day but right now 2847 01:50:49,830 --> 01:50:46,800 the the high side of galaxies 2848 01:50:50,629 --> 01:50:49,840 in the universe is a trillion it used to 2849 01:50:53,270 --> 01:50:50,639 be a hundred 2850 01:50:54,310 --> 01:50:53,280 you know 100 billion then it was 200 250 2851 01:50:57,350 --> 01:50:54,320 and it was 500 2852 01:51:00,070 --> 01:50:57,360 now we're talking about a trillion but 2853 01:51:00,550 --> 01:51:00,080 with the expansion and at the speed of 2854 01:51:03,030 --> 01:51:00,560 light 2855 01:51:05,430 --> 01:51:03,040 things are disappearing at ftl they've 2856 01:51:08,629 --> 01:51:05,440 already disappeared 2857 01:51:11,990 --> 01:51:08,639 will we ever know that the real number 2858 01:51:14,629 --> 01:51:12,000 isn't a trillion it's trillion to the 2859 01:51:16,149 --> 01:51:14,639 to the 100th power it will eventually be 2860 01:51:18,950 --> 01:51:16,159 one 2861 01:51:19,990 --> 01:51:18,960 yeah about 100 billion years yeah um 2862 01:51:21,430 --> 01:51:20,000 probably reason for the number 2863 01:51:23,910 --> 01:51:21,440 changing is if you're looking back in 2864 01:51:25,430 --> 01:51:23,920 time all galaxies are cannibal 2865 01:51:27,750 --> 01:51:25,440 it's it's it's roughly tied with 2866 01:51:30,229 --> 01:51:27,760 andromeda for mass uh 30 round does 2867 01:51:31,830 --> 01:51:30,239 and it has eaten galaxy after galaxy 2868 01:51:33,589 --> 01:51:31,840 after galaxy we can start to see the 2869 01:51:35,350 --> 01:51:33,599 trace leftovers of these 2870 01:51:37,350 --> 01:51:35,360 galaxies we consume so we look with the 2871 01:51:38,950 --> 01:51:37,360 for the far ones looking back in time 2872 01:51:40,149 --> 01:51:38,960 when galaxies tend to be smaller so 2873 01:51:40,950 --> 01:51:40,159 that's part of the uncertainty in the 2874 01:51:42,310 --> 01:51:40,960 number 2875 01:51:44,310 --> 01:51:42,320 early on the universe they were more 2876 01:51:45,910 --> 01:51:44,320 galaxies now they're more than a bigger 2877 01:51:47,109 --> 01:51:45,920 and heavier but we're losing galaxies 2878 01:51:49,109 --> 01:51:47,119 all the time to the edge of the universe 2879 01:51:50,629 --> 01:51:49,119 too even as the edge of the universe 2880 01:51:54,709 --> 01:51:50,639 expands 2881 01:51:59,189 --> 01:51:54,719 they're dropping off the edge constantly 2882 01:52:02,149 --> 01:51:59,199 um now with that expansion 2883 01:52:03,669 --> 01:52:02,159 the the chatter over the last 10 years 2884 01:52:06,870 --> 01:52:03,679 has been 2885 01:52:10,229 --> 01:52:06,880 dark energy which apparently is 2886 01:52:12,550 --> 01:52:10,239 gravity in reverse and 2887 01:52:14,550 --> 01:52:12,560 and gravity is a fascinating thing you 2888 01:52:14,870 --> 01:52:14,560 and i should do a whole show on gravity 2889 01:52:17,510 --> 01:52:14,880 uh 2890 01:52:18,950 --> 01:52:17,520 in the future that would be a great show 2891 01:52:22,790 --> 01:52:18,960 but 2892 01:52:25,830 --> 01:52:22,800 how is it possible that 2893 01:52:26,870 --> 01:52:25,840 over these vast distances of space and 2894 01:52:29,990 --> 01:52:26,880 time 2895 01:52:32,229 --> 01:52:30,000 that dark energy can increase 2896 01:52:34,229 --> 01:52:32,239 the pressure going out into the 2897 01:52:37,510 --> 01:52:34,239 expansion 2898 01:52:40,629 --> 01:52:37,520 doesn't it won't it eventually thin 2899 01:52:43,109 --> 01:52:40,639 out won't dark energy 2900 01:52:44,070 --> 01:52:43,119 lose its juice is it possible that the 2901 01:52:47,510 --> 01:52:44,080 expansion could 2902 01:52:50,070 --> 01:52:47,520 stop because dark energy is is too 2903 01:52:51,350 --> 01:52:50,080 thin sure yeah one of the problems we 2904 01:52:52,709 --> 01:52:51,360 have with dark energy i was saying 2905 01:52:54,870 --> 01:52:52,719 earlier that there was a 2906 01:52:56,629 --> 01:52:54,880 little bits of space you know pop you up 2907 01:52:57,270 --> 01:52:56,639 into in reality here and there on plank 2908 01:52:58,629 --> 01:52:57,280 volumes 2909 01:52:59,830 --> 01:52:58,639 we don't know that for sure that's a 2910 01:53:01,109 --> 01:52:59,840 popular one and where i tend to 2911 01:53:02,229 --> 01:53:01,119 subscribe to myself but 2912 01:53:03,430 --> 01:53:02,239 there's no evidence to back that 2913 01:53:04,149 --> 01:53:03,440 particular one up for where this is 2914 01:53:05,510 --> 01:53:04,159 coming from 2915 01:53:07,750 --> 01:53:05,520 we know space is appearing out of 2916 01:53:09,430 --> 01:53:07,760 nowhere we say that this effect because 2917 01:53:10,229 --> 01:53:09,440 space has energy associated is dog 2918 01:53:11,750 --> 01:53:10,239 energy 2919 01:53:13,350 --> 01:53:11,760 that is everything we know about it 2920 01:53:15,669 --> 01:53:13,360 other than the fact that it seems to be 2921 01:53:16,629 --> 01:53:15,679 expanding and coming into existence even 2922 01:53:18,790 --> 01:53:16,639 faster 2923 01:53:19,990 --> 01:53:18,800 as time has gone on where is it coming 2924 01:53:21,510 --> 01:53:20,000 from could it run out 2925 01:53:22,709 --> 01:53:21,520 sure and we can answer that question as 2926 01:53:24,310 --> 01:53:22,719 soon as we figure out where is it coming 2927 01:53:26,310 --> 01:53:24,320 from we have no idea 2928 01:53:27,669 --> 01:53:26,320 is it leaking in from another universe 2929 01:53:28,149 --> 01:53:27,679 does it need to leak in from the other 2930 01:53:29,830 --> 01:53:28,159 side 2931 01:53:31,270 --> 01:53:29,840 so does it simply pop up is it a 2932 01:53:33,910 --> 01:53:31,280 property of the universe that 2933 01:53:34,629 --> 01:53:33,920 as they age more space appears in them 2934 01:53:36,390 --> 01:53:34,639 i've you know 2935 01:53:38,629 --> 01:53:36,400 suggested that because of so many states 2936 01:53:39,669 --> 01:53:38,639 the universe can be in as it expands it 2937 01:53:41,030 --> 01:53:39,679 needs to 2938 01:53:42,070 --> 01:53:41,040 have more energy to cover that and 2939 01:53:43,589 --> 01:53:42,080 that's what this is you know 2940 01:53:45,669 --> 01:53:43,599 representing itself as 2941 01:53:47,109 --> 01:53:45,679 uh we can't say that it definitely is 2942 01:53:48,950 --> 01:53:47,119 the reverse of gravity that's not the 2943 01:53:49,830 --> 01:53:48,960 popular one that's tied to gravity in 2944 01:53:52,229 --> 01:53:49,840 some way 2945 01:53:53,270 --> 01:53:52,239 i would tend to expect it is but we 2946 01:53:56,709 --> 01:53:53,280 don't know that yet 2947 01:53:58,070 --> 01:53:56,719 you know now there was uh so many 2948 01:54:01,270 --> 01:53:58,080 question marks were talking 2949 01:54:05,189 --> 01:54:01,280 there are and and one of them 2950 01:54:07,589 --> 01:54:05,199 for me is this okay we've got 2951 01:54:08,229 --> 01:54:07,599 we've got gravity at the atomic level 2952 01:54:10,149 --> 01:54:08,239 we've got 2953 01:54:11,830 --> 01:54:10,159 quartz and electrons and things and 2954 01:54:15,030 --> 01:54:11,840 spinning around holding 2955 01:54:17,350 --> 01:54:15,040 uh uh particles and molecules and as 2956 01:54:19,109 --> 01:54:17,360 you know cells and every you know you 2957 01:54:22,950 --> 01:54:19,119 know you get bigger and bigger 2958 01:54:25,030 --> 01:54:22,960 um like a russian doll where gravity 2959 01:54:26,790 --> 01:54:25,040 you know from the very smallest is is 2960 01:54:28,229 --> 01:54:26,800 holding it then you get to the earth 2961 01:54:30,070 --> 01:54:28,239 right then we have that and then we have 2962 01:54:30,790 --> 01:54:30,080 the gravity that's holding the moon here 2963 01:54:33,669 --> 01:54:30,800 then we have 2964 01:54:35,430 --> 01:54:33,679 the gravity that the sun is not at the 2965 01:54:38,070 --> 01:54:35,440 center of the solar system it's 2966 01:54:38,470 --> 01:54:38,080 actually moving around the center part 2967 01:54:40,709 --> 01:54:38,480 of the 2968 01:54:42,790 --> 01:54:40,719 with gras it's it's absolutely 2969 01:54:43,830 --> 01:54:42,800 fascinating and then you get outside of 2970 01:54:47,510 --> 01:54:43,840 our solar system 2971 01:54:50,790 --> 01:54:47,520 into the galaxy we've got a spiral um 2972 01:54:53,510 --> 01:54:50,800 why isn't dark energy 2973 01:54:54,870 --> 01:54:53,520 pulling the galaxy apart why isn't it 2974 01:54:56,790 --> 01:54:54,880 that we 2975 01:54:58,149 --> 01:54:56,800 don't have you know when you spin 2976 01:55:00,950 --> 01:54:58,159 something why aren't 2977 01:55:02,830 --> 01:55:00,960 stars getting flinged off the edge of 2978 01:55:05,990 --> 01:55:02,840 the galaxy 2979 01:55:08,229 --> 01:55:06,000 um oh yeah no we eject tons of 2980 01:55:10,310 --> 01:55:08,239 stars out of the galaxy all the time the 2981 01:55:12,950 --> 01:55:10,320 galaxy is still a spiral 2982 01:55:13,510 --> 01:55:12,960 and and has structure and so what i'm 2983 01:55:16,310 --> 01:55:13,520 saying 2984 01:55:18,070 --> 01:55:16,320 is this we have all of these different 2985 01:55:19,669 --> 01:55:18,080 elements with gravity 2986 01:55:21,910 --> 01:55:19,679 where we've got the expansion of the 2987 01:55:23,669 --> 01:55:21,920 universe we've got dark energy but yet 2988 01:55:26,310 --> 01:55:23,679 we have these clusters 2989 01:55:28,470 --> 01:55:26,320 of gravity around black holes at the 2990 01:55:31,109 --> 01:55:28,480 center of these galaxies 2991 01:55:32,149 --> 01:55:31,119 holding the galaxies together when you 2992 01:55:35,189 --> 01:55:32,159 have dark energy 2993 01:55:38,229 --> 01:55:35,199 pulling the rest of everything apart 2994 01:55:40,950 --> 01:55:38,239 how is how is it possible to to 2995 01:55:42,870 --> 01:55:40,960 have this at the same time i don't 2996 01:55:44,229 --> 01:55:42,880 understand 2997 01:55:46,390 --> 01:55:44,239 if it were even just a little bit 2998 01:55:47,910 --> 01:55:46,400 stronger and the big rip theory for 2999 01:55:48,870 --> 01:55:47,920 instance says that it gets stronger and 3000 01:55:50,790 --> 01:55:48,880 stronger with time 3001 01:55:52,149 --> 01:55:50,800 it would rip apart even the galaxies and 3002 01:55:53,830 --> 01:55:52,159 if god if it was getting stronger or 3003 01:55:56,390 --> 01:55:53,840 strong would eventually tear apart stars 3004 01:55:57,510 --> 01:55:56,400 tear apart atoms tear part quarks which 3005 01:55:59,350 --> 01:55:57,520 is an interesting one because we start 3006 01:56:00,629 --> 01:55:59,360 tearing corks apart you make more quarks 3007 01:56:02,550 --> 01:56:00,639 which kind of result in potentially 3008 01:56:04,790 --> 01:56:02,560 another big bang right on the spot 3009 01:56:06,790 --> 01:56:04,800 but um it's not strong enough to pull 3010 01:56:08,310 --> 01:56:06,800 apart galaxies because the galaxies have 3011 01:56:09,910 --> 01:56:08,320 a lot of gravity holding them together 3012 01:56:11,669 --> 01:56:09,920 but it's starting to pull apart galaxies 3013 01:56:13,189 --> 01:56:11,679 from each other um 3014 01:56:14,709 --> 01:56:13,199 almost every galaxy universe is being 3015 01:56:15,750 --> 01:56:14,719 pulled apart by dark energy 3016 01:56:17,990 --> 01:56:15,760 more than the gravity is holding 3017 01:56:19,990 --> 01:56:18,000 together with those other bits uh but 3018 01:56:20,390 --> 01:56:20,000 it's kind of like why don't uh you know 3019 01:56:23,589 --> 01:56:20,400 why 3020 01:56:25,030 --> 01:56:23,599 instead of gravity pointing it down 3021 01:56:27,270 --> 01:56:25,040 because other various forces are acting 3022 01:56:28,790 --> 01:56:27,280 on it that are stronger than gravity is 3023 01:56:31,510 --> 01:56:28,800 that location 3024 01:56:32,390 --> 01:56:31,520 gravity is gravity is a freak force it's 3025 01:56:35,510 --> 01:56:32,400 it's very weak 3026 01:56:37,189 --> 01:56:35,520 um but it's the only one that has only a 3027 01:56:37,990 --> 01:56:37,199 positive influence so at the galactic 3028 01:56:40,629 --> 01:56:38,000 scale 3029 01:56:42,629 --> 01:56:40,639 it dominates things then you get another 3030 01:56:45,830 --> 01:56:42,639 galactic scale and suddenly dark energy 3031 01:56:48,229 --> 01:56:45,840 dominates things at the solar scale uh 3032 01:56:50,229 --> 01:56:48,239 gravity is pretty dominant at the 3033 01:56:52,310 --> 01:56:50,239 planetary scale it's 3034 01:56:54,229 --> 01:56:52,320 a major factor but it's starting to get 3035 01:56:56,149 --> 01:56:54,239 weaker at the personal scale gravity is 3036 01:56:59,270 --> 01:56:56,159 almost nothing um 3037 01:57:03,990 --> 01:56:59,280 and we don't know why that is either so 3038 01:57:07,910 --> 01:57:04,000 well to have influence uh i'm pluto 3039 01:57:10,310 --> 01:57:07,920 right and and and uh 3040 01:57:12,229 --> 01:57:10,320 most people don't understand how big our 3041 01:57:16,070 --> 01:57:12,239 solar system is 3042 01:57:19,350 --> 01:57:16,080 it's freaking big in the universe 3043 01:57:22,470 --> 01:57:19,360 in our galaxy it's nothing right but 3044 01:57:25,669 --> 01:57:22,480 on the scales of what we are here 3045 01:57:29,109 --> 01:57:25,679 it's huge and the distances going out 3046 01:57:32,550 --> 01:57:29,119 to pluto and beyond and having 3047 01:57:35,830 --> 01:57:32,560 gravity uh hold it in place 3048 01:57:38,550 --> 01:57:35,840 for its uh orbit from the sun 3049 01:57:39,350 --> 01:57:38,560 is is mind-blowing and it's such a weak 3050 01:57:41,030 --> 01:57:39,360 force 3051 01:57:42,790 --> 01:57:41,040 our brains can't even wrap around the 3052 01:57:44,790 --> 01:57:42,800 scale involved if you know if 3053 01:57:46,149 --> 01:57:44,800 math lets us do it but otherwise you 3054 01:57:47,669 --> 01:57:46,159 know we think about how big the universe 3055 01:57:48,790 --> 01:57:47,679 is people say the universe is big and 3056 01:57:50,470 --> 01:57:48,800 they're still thinking of the entire 3057 01:57:51,589 --> 01:57:50,480 universe a scale that's smaller than our 3058 01:57:52,790 --> 01:57:51,599 solar system 3059 01:57:54,709 --> 01:57:52,800 because our brains can't wrap our heads 3060 01:57:56,550 --> 01:57:54,719 around that you know it's like when 3061 01:57:58,149 --> 01:57:56,560 people say oh cells you know these cells 3062 01:57:59,750 --> 01:57:58,159 are atoms and cells are a little bit 3063 01:58:01,750 --> 01:57:59,760 bigger than atoms say well 3064 01:58:03,589 --> 01:58:01,760 how big do you think they are see if an 3065 01:58:04,950 --> 01:58:03,599 atom was a brick then a cell like a 3066 01:58:06,470 --> 01:58:04,960 break you build a house out of say a 3067 01:58:08,950 --> 01:58:06,480 cell is a house no 3068 01:58:10,550 --> 01:58:08,960 a cell is like a city they're made out 3069 01:58:12,709 --> 01:58:10,560 of a trillion bricks 3070 01:58:15,189 --> 01:58:12,719 we have a really bad sense of scale 3071 01:58:19,189 --> 01:58:15,199 because our brains can't wrap around it 3072 01:58:19,430 --> 01:58:19,199 and the universe is just stupidly huge 3073 01:58:20,790 --> 01:58:19,440 and 3074 01:58:22,709 --> 01:58:20,800 still tiny could probably compare the 3075 01:58:25,350 --> 01:58:22,719 rest of reality probably 3076 01:58:26,709 --> 01:58:25,360 and and this is where uh we're going to 3077 01:58:28,229 --> 01:58:26,719 come back and talk about the fermi 3078 01:58:29,350 --> 01:58:28,239 paradox we're going to tie all of this 3079 01:58:32,870 --> 01:58:29,360 together but 3080 01:58:36,229 --> 01:58:32,880 um is this where philosophy 3081 01:58:40,149 --> 01:58:36,239 needs to bring in its influence 3082 01:58:44,070 --> 01:58:40,159 on on physics and science where 3083 01:58:47,830 --> 01:58:44,080 how is it possible that dark energy 3084 01:58:49,669 --> 01:58:47,840 and gravity and particles enjoy this 3085 01:58:53,350 --> 01:58:49,679 life together 3086 01:58:55,510 --> 01:58:53,360 by chance right that's that's the part 3087 01:58:56,310 --> 01:58:55,520 that i think philosophy needs to get in 3088 01:59:00,709 --> 01:58:56,320 and there's a 3089 01:59:02,229 --> 01:59:00,719 bigger explanation here than coincidence 3090 01:59:03,750 --> 01:59:02,239 that's one of the ones that's uh popped 3091 01:59:04,310 --> 01:59:03,760 up as an example of how we compare the 3092 01:59:05,750 --> 01:59:04,320 component 3093 01:59:07,430 --> 01:59:05,760 principle mediocrity principle with the 3094 01:59:09,669 --> 01:59:07,440 anthropic principle and 3095 01:59:10,629 --> 01:59:09,679 and things like fine-tuned universe and 3096 01:59:11,990 --> 01:59:10,639 that is 3097 01:59:14,149 --> 01:59:12,000 also another one of those things you 3098 01:59:17,510 --> 01:59:14,159 that is very strange so 3099 01:59:19,270 --> 01:59:17,520 well and okay and uh we'll come back and 3100 01:59:22,629 --> 01:59:19,280 talk about the fermi paradox 3101 01:59:26,310 --> 01:59:22,639 but is it interesting to you 3102 01:59:29,750 --> 01:59:26,320 that the big bang theory 3103 01:59:32,629 --> 01:59:29,760 is now in question where it's even 3104 01:59:33,990 --> 01:59:32,639 talked about that it's possible that it 3105 01:59:35,830 --> 01:59:34,000 may not have happened 3106 01:59:38,550 --> 01:59:35,840 that's pretty did you ever think that we 3107 01:59:40,229 --> 01:59:38,560 would arrive to this kind of moment 3108 01:59:42,229 --> 01:59:40,239 you know when i was first learning stuff 3109 01:59:43,589 --> 01:59:42,239 in the 80s as a kid uh someone was 3110 01:59:43,990 --> 01:59:43,599 kicking around eric lorna was kicking 3111 01:59:45,750 --> 01:59:44,000 out the idea 3112 01:59:47,109 --> 01:59:45,760 that big bang may never have happened 3113 01:59:48,390 --> 01:59:47,119 never reading that book and so i've 3114 01:59:49,589 --> 01:59:48,400 always assumed there was a decent chance 3115 01:59:50,310 --> 01:59:49,599 but the theory might have some bits 3116 01:59:52,149 --> 01:59:50,320 wrong with it 3117 01:59:54,229 --> 01:59:52,159 now he was right into plasma cosmology 3118 01:59:55,990 --> 01:59:54,239 which hasn't filled up too well in 3119 01:59:58,550 --> 01:59:56,000 modern cosmology theories but 3120 01:59:59,589 --> 01:59:58,560 uh yeah i mean the big bang is a loose 3121 02:00:01,350 --> 01:59:59,599 idea for the assumption that the 3122 02:00:03,189 --> 02:00:01,360 universe used to be a lot smaller 3123 02:00:04,950 --> 02:00:03,199 we can only look back until the universe 3124 02:00:06,870 --> 02:00:04,960 is 300 thousand years old or it might be 3125 02:00:07,910 --> 02:00:06,880 wacky to say we can only look back 13.7 3126 02:00:10,629 --> 02:00:07,920 billion years 3127 02:00:12,070 --> 02:00:10,639 and what we see is a big wall of plasma 3128 02:00:15,109 --> 02:00:12,080 and that's only because 3129 02:00:18,149 --> 02:00:15,119 of of of measurement of 3130 02:00:18,550 --> 02:00:18,159 of of temperature and radiation and of 3131 02:00:21,589 --> 02:00:18,560 course 3132 02:00:23,990 --> 02:00:21,599 einstein's original numbers 3133 02:00:25,510 --> 02:00:24,000 basically einstein hubble shift and and 3134 02:00:27,350 --> 02:00:25,520 at cmbo 3135 02:00:28,950 --> 02:00:27,360 my wave background radiation we look at 3136 02:00:30,550 --> 02:00:28,960 that we look at the expansion that seems 3137 02:00:31,669 --> 02:00:30,560 to be going on things eventually away 3138 02:00:33,430 --> 02:00:31,679 and we say 3139 02:00:35,350 --> 02:00:33,440 that's when it was close together that 3140 02:00:37,030 --> 02:00:35,360 is not all the evidence we got for that 3141 02:00:38,870 --> 02:00:37,040 we have developed more of the years 3142 02:00:40,310 --> 02:00:38,880 and there are things that would argue 3143 02:00:41,830 --> 02:00:40,320 against it here and there but 3144 02:00:43,589 --> 02:00:41,840 it's currently the solidest theory we've 3145 02:00:46,070 --> 02:00:43,599 got by the university and 3146 02:00:47,990 --> 02:00:46,080 and it holds up pretty well oh man i 3147 02:00:50,709 --> 02:00:48,000 love this conversation our guest tonight 3148 02:00:53,270 --> 02:00:50,719 isaac arthur i am your host jimmy church 3149 02:00:54,790 --> 02:00:53,280 this is fade to black more with isaac 3150 02:00:56,950 --> 02:00:54,800 when we come back after this 3151 02:00:58,790 --> 02:00:56,960 a very short break and we're going to 3152 02:01:01,189 --> 02:00:58,800 talk about the fermi paradox 3153 02:01:08,550 --> 02:01:01,199 i have a way to tie it all together 3154 02:01:09,990 --> 02:01:08,560 we'll be right back 3155 02:01:16,149 --> 02:01:10,000 hi everybody this is rob halpert the 3156 02:01:19,750 --> 02:01:18,709 this is kgra digital broadcasting 3157 02:01:23,350 --> 02:01:19,760 station 3158 02:01:25,189 --> 02:01:23,360 salt lake city utah van buren arkansas 3159 02:01:27,350 --> 02:01:25,199 why is it we're not very good with our 3160 02:01:28,709 --> 02:01:27,360 health regiment until it's too late we 3161 02:01:30,229 --> 02:01:28,719 don't put oil in the car 3162 02:01:32,470 --> 02:01:30,239 until the engine blows up when the 3163 02:01:34,950 --> 02:01:32,480 body's out of balance your health 3164 02:01:35,990 --> 02:01:34,960 is not so good give your body some love 3165 02:01:39,189 --> 02:01:36,000 log on to get the 3166 02:01:41,109 --> 02:01:39,199 tea.com that's get the tea dot com try 3167 02:01:42,870 --> 02:01:41,119 our life change tea which cleanses you 3168 02:01:45,030 --> 02:01:42,880 from harmful intruders 3169 02:01:46,550 --> 02:01:45,040 a clean colon is one of the ways to 3170 02:01:48,550 --> 02:01:46,560 bring the body in balance 3171 02:01:50,790 --> 02:01:48,560 we also carry organic supplements to 3172 02:01:53,109 --> 02:01:50,800 help you get where you need to go 3173 02:01:57,189 --> 02:01:53,119 so do your body a favor log on to get 3174 02:01:59,430 --> 02:01:57,199 the tea.com that's get the ttea.com 3175 02:02:00,709 --> 02:01:59,440 you can even visit our sales page to 3176 02:02:02,950 --> 02:02:00,719 save some dough 3177 02:02:04,629 --> 02:02:02,960 does anybody call money dough anymore 3178 02:02:05,910 --> 02:02:04,639 anyway if you're looking for short 3179 02:02:08,310 --> 02:02:05,920 helpful health tips 3180 02:02:09,669 --> 02:02:08,320 go to youtube and punch in health 3181 02:02:16,790 --> 02:02:09,679 matters now 3182 02:02:17,430 --> 02:02:16,800 log on to get the tea.com shop get 3183 02:02:19,750 --> 02:02:17,440 balanced 3184 02:02:20,470 --> 02:02:19,760 then learn some cool tips at health 3185 02:02:22,470 --> 02:02:20,480 matters 3186 02:02:24,950 --> 02:02:22,480 now you'll be glad you did that's get 3187 02:02:26,950 --> 02:02:24,960 the tea.com 3188 02:02:27,990 --> 02:02:26,960 your contact for current news and 3189 02:02:30,830 --> 02:02:28,000 trending topics 3190 02:02:33,189 --> 02:02:30,840 [Music] 3191 02:02:33,589 --> 02:02:33,199 kgraradio.com is jimmy church of fade to 3192 02:02:40,149 --> 02:02:33,599 black 3193 02:02:42,270 --> 02:02:40,159 coffee from river moon just click on the 3194 02:02:43,510 --> 02:02:42,280 river moon coffee banner at 3195 02:02:47,510 --> 02:02:43,520 jimmychurchradio.com 3196 02:02:50,629 --> 02:02:47,520 promo code f2b blend 3197 02:02:58,830 --> 02:02:50,639 this is the only way forward this 3198 02:02:58,840 --> 02:03:02,070 kgraradio.com 3199 02:03:05,189 --> 02:03:03,830 when you're in the house for longer 3200 02:03:07,510 --> 02:03:05,199 periods of time 3201 02:03:09,270 --> 02:03:07,520 you can see them flying or running 3202 02:03:12,310 --> 02:03:09,280 across the floor 3203 02:03:15,510 --> 02:03:12,320 ooh yuck they're unhealthy 3204 02:03:18,550 --> 02:03:15,520 gross and disgusting bugs i 3205 02:03:21,669 --> 02:03:18,560 loathe bugs we keep a clean home 3206 02:03:23,750 --> 02:03:21,679 but occasionally bugs show up well i 3207 02:03:24,550 --> 02:03:23,760 found something that is tougher than 3208 02:03:27,990 --> 02:03:24,560 bugs 3209 02:03:31,830 --> 02:03:28,000 orange guard on contact it kills hidden 3210 02:03:34,550 --> 02:03:31,840 bugs including ants roaches and fleas 3211 02:03:35,589 --> 02:03:34,560 plus orange guard is a residual 3212 02:03:37,669 --> 02:03:35,599 repellent 3213 02:03:38,870 --> 02:03:37,679 all of the ingredients of orange guard 3214 02:03:41,910 --> 02:03:38,880 are on the fda 3215 02:03:43,270 --> 02:03:41,920 generally recognized as safe list orange 3216 02:03:47,270 --> 02:03:43,280 guard may be used around 3217 02:03:49,589 --> 02:03:47,280 food humans and pets it comes with a 30 3218 02:03:52,189 --> 02:03:49,599 day money back guarantee 3219 02:03:53,669 --> 02:03:52,199 orange guard available at 3220 02:04:04,040 --> 02:03:53,679 orangeguard.com 3221 02:04:10,069 --> 02:04:06,870 [Applause] 3222 02:04:13,910 --> 02:04:10,079 you want to know a secret i love 3223 02:04:15,750 --> 02:04:13,920 ponies i really love ponies i'm serious 3224 02:04:17,510 --> 02:04:15,760 i couldn't stay sane without pawn 3225 02:04:20,709 --> 02:04:17,520 instabrush 3226 02:04:25,990 --> 02:04:20,719 why fade to black because you never got 3227 02:04:30,550 --> 02:04:28,229 this is fade to black with jimmy church 3228 02:04:46,709 --> 02:04:30,560 on the game changer radio network 3229 02:04:49,910 --> 02:04:48,229 welcome back painted black i'm your host 3230 02:04:52,950 --> 02:04:49,920 jimmy church what a great show tonight 3231 02:04:54,870 --> 02:04:52,960 isaac arthur the best 3232 02:04:56,310 --> 02:04:54,880 let everybody know i watch isaac walk 3233 02:04:58,790 --> 02:04:56,320 out 3234 02:05:01,589 --> 02:04:58,800 got another cup of coffee that's what 3235 02:05:03,350 --> 02:05:01,599 i'm talking about 3236 02:05:05,589 --> 02:05:03,360 it's so great when you're on the show 3237 02:05:08,709 --> 02:05:05,599 and i am able to just 3238 02:05:09,830 --> 02:05:08,719 uh have these conversations and and 3239 02:05:13,589 --> 02:05:09,840 isaac i'm serious 3240 02:05:17,030 --> 02:05:13,599 i i study this every night i am 3241 02:05:19,270 --> 02:05:17,040 listening and reading uh everything that 3242 02:05:23,030 --> 02:05:19,280 i can get my hands on and all i 3243 02:05:25,910 --> 02:05:23,040 do is build up questions 3244 02:05:26,390 --> 02:05:25,920 and and you're my guy right and and i 3245 02:05:29,669 --> 02:05:26,400 have to 3246 02:05:32,390 --> 02:05:29,679 thank you 3247 02:05:34,950 --> 02:05:32,400 and is this fun for you to just you know 3248 02:05:37,189 --> 02:05:34,960 to be able to uh engage in a 3249 02:05:39,109 --> 02:05:37,199 conversation like this free form 3250 02:05:40,470 --> 02:05:39,119 oh yeah it's actually kind of nice is a 3251 02:05:41,350 --> 02:05:40,480 lot of times you're on like a sciencey 3252 02:05:43,030 --> 02:05:41,360 show they 3253 02:05:44,870 --> 02:05:43,040 already know the usual routine stuff to 3254 02:05:45,990 --> 02:05:44,880 go through so you tend to expect the 3255 02:05:46,950 --> 02:05:46,000 questions you always have something 3256 02:05:48,390 --> 02:05:46,960 completely out of left field 3257 02:05:50,390 --> 02:05:48,400 me yeah that's right that's what i'm 3258 02:05:51,030 --> 02:05:50,400 talking about always feeling that's what 3259 02:05:54,870 --> 02:05:51,040 how often 3260 02:05:58,790 --> 02:05:54,880 i have no idea now 3261 02:06:01,990 --> 02:05:58,800 um i think it's safe to say uh uh 3262 02:06:05,109 --> 02:06:02,000 i have been looking into the 3263 02:06:06,790 --> 02:06:05,119 fermi paradox now for for 3264 02:06:11,510 --> 02:06:06,800 all of just about all of my life 3265 02:06:15,109 --> 02:06:13,990 when did you first get exposed to the 3266 02:06:18,229 --> 02:06:15,119 fermi paradox 3267 02:06:19,910 --> 02:06:18,239 was it because of enrico or did it did 3268 02:06:23,189 --> 02:06:19,920 it happen after that 3269 02:06:24,790 --> 02:06:23,199 oh i star trek 3270 02:06:26,709 --> 02:06:24,800 probably star trek or doctor who that 3271 02:06:28,629 --> 02:06:26,719 would be my first exposure to it 3272 02:06:31,350 --> 02:06:28,639 i didn't know the term for me paradox 3273 02:06:32,870 --> 02:06:31,360 probably until 2000 or so 3274 02:06:34,709 --> 02:06:32,880 i don't know if it was really as much 3275 02:06:36,310 --> 02:06:34,719 usage popularly at the time but 3276 02:06:37,750 --> 02:06:36,320 you know it's the the classic question 3277 02:06:39,910 --> 02:06:37,760 of where all the aliens are and 3278 02:06:41,030 --> 02:06:39,920 you'd like x-files winston so star trek 3279 02:06:42,550 --> 02:06:41,040 or doctor who 3280 02:06:44,470 --> 02:06:42,560 i kind of grew up on that stuff so it 3281 02:06:44,870 --> 02:06:44,480 was kind of one of those always a 3282 02:06:46,790 --> 02:06:44,880 question 3283 02:06:48,390 --> 02:06:46,800 it was really if you were in the sci-fi 3284 02:06:50,229 --> 02:06:48,400 it wasn't a question of 3285 02:06:51,750 --> 02:06:50,239 are there aliens it was a question of 3286 02:06:53,510 --> 02:06:51,760 where are they 3287 02:06:55,189 --> 02:06:53,520 and even today i tend to be on the 3288 02:06:56,950 --> 02:06:55,199 extreme skeptic side of 3289 02:06:58,870 --> 02:06:56,960 where we're having alien visitations but 3290 02:07:01,510 --> 02:06:58,880 i still assume they exist somewhere 3291 02:07:02,870 --> 02:07:01,520 it's just such a big place and the 3292 02:07:04,950 --> 02:07:02,880 question for me is always 3293 02:07:06,310 --> 02:07:04,960 are they anywhere close enough to us in 3294 02:07:07,910 --> 02:07:06,320 space and time that we could ever 3295 02:07:08,629 --> 02:07:07,920 actually have a chance to interact with 3296 02:07:11,270 --> 02:07:08,639 them 3297 02:07:13,030 --> 02:07:11,280 or are they just so far away that by the 3298 02:07:14,069 --> 02:07:13,040 time their life from their civilization 3299 02:07:15,430 --> 02:07:14,079 gets to us 3300 02:07:16,629 --> 02:07:15,440 you know the universe already expanded 3301 02:07:17,830 --> 02:07:16,639 them off the edge of cosmological 3302 02:07:20,629 --> 02:07:17,840 horizon 3303 02:07:21,270 --> 02:07:20,639 and you know i have to say these days i 3304 02:07:22,870 --> 02:07:21,280 tend to 3305 02:07:24,950 --> 02:07:22,880 probably be more that direction but i 3306 02:07:28,149 --> 02:07:24,960 still assume they're out there 3307 02:07:28,709 --> 02:07:28,159 well you have to and if you think about 3308 02:07:31,990 --> 02:07:28,719 it 3309 02:07:36,390 --> 02:07:32,000 uh how long has future 3310 02:07:42,709 --> 02:07:36,400 science been running 3311 02:07:46,229 --> 02:07:44,470 uh yeah but i mean it wasn't really a 3312 02:07:47,270 --> 02:07:46,239 full-blown weekly show in the first 3313 02:07:49,270 --> 02:07:47,280 couple years though 3314 02:07:50,390 --> 02:07:49,280 right right right right okay but that's 3315 02:07:54,229 --> 02:07:50,400 the number i need 3316 02:07:56,950 --> 02:07:54,239 see i'm gonna put together an equation 3317 02:07:58,870 --> 02:07:56,960 and i need to start there uh let's get 3318 02:08:01,430 --> 02:07:58,880 some position and velocity uh 3319 02:08:02,390 --> 02:08:01,440 going and and we'll get some mass as 3320 02:08:06,550 --> 02:08:02,400 well 3321 02:08:09,830 --> 02:08:06,560 is is this if you go back six years 3322 02:08:10,229 --> 02:08:09,840 and i'm pretty sure i am right if you go 3323 02:08:13,790 --> 02:08:10,239 back 3324 02:08:17,669 --> 02:08:13,800 six years there were only 3325 02:08:19,750 --> 02:08:17,679 500 exoplanets cataloged 3326 02:08:21,189 --> 02:08:19,760 okay it might have been over a thousand 3327 02:08:24,470 --> 02:08:21,199 by then but not but 3328 02:08:27,750 --> 02:08:24,480 let me finish all right because 3329 02:08:29,510 --> 02:08:27,760 today today like the 3330 02:08:31,589 --> 02:08:29,520 update from this month it's not the 3331 02:08:32,229 --> 02:08:31,599 catalog stars that number's about ten 3332 02:08:35,669 --> 02:08:32,239 thousand 3333 02:08:36,790 --> 02:08:35,679 there's four 000 that have been 3334 02:08:40,149 --> 02:08:36,800 discovered 3335 02:08:41,910 --> 02:08:40,159 they're waiting to catalogue them 3336 02:08:43,350 --> 02:08:41,920 um and then you have everything else 3337 02:08:44,629 --> 02:08:43,360 it's kind of like the expansion of the 3338 02:08:46,790 --> 02:08:44,639 universe there's news 3339 02:08:48,229 --> 02:08:46,800 you know there's new uh planets being 3340 02:08:51,430 --> 02:08:48,239 discovered every single day 3341 02:08:54,550 --> 02:08:51,440 and and and now the numbers are 3342 02:08:57,030 --> 02:08:54,560 so crazy because it's so simple uh to 3343 02:09:00,550 --> 02:08:57,040 discover these exoplanets 3344 02:09:03,189 --> 02:09:00,560 that's the confirmed but now it is 3345 02:09:04,629 --> 02:09:03,199 generally accepted i loved it when this 3346 02:09:08,069 --> 02:09:04,639 news broke 3347 02:09:13,189 --> 02:09:08,079 that every star in our 3348 02:09:16,709 --> 02:09:13,199 galaxy has at least one planet 3349 02:09:19,910 --> 02:09:16,719 that's a crazy number and that the 3350 02:09:20,790 --> 02:09:19,920 rocky planets in our milky way that 3351 02:09:23,910 --> 02:09:20,800 number 3352 02:09:26,950 --> 02:09:23,920 is somewhere between 10 and 3353 02:09:30,069 --> 02:09:26,960 20 billion 3354 02:09:32,709 --> 02:09:30,079 now at least at least at least right 3355 02:09:35,669 --> 02:09:32,719 now what does that do it doesn't change 3356 02:09:37,990 --> 02:09:35,679 the constant of the drake equation 3357 02:09:39,109 --> 02:09:38,000 right it doesn't but the numbers in the 3358 02:09:42,390 --> 02:09:39,119 drake equation 3359 02:09:43,350 --> 02:09:42,400 are now stupid yeah well i it to be fair 3360 02:09:45,030 --> 02:09:43,360 they always kind of 3361 02:09:46,950 --> 02:09:45,040 you know the drake's equation which kind 3362 02:09:48,229 --> 02:09:46,960 of formation rates planetary formation 3363 02:09:49,350 --> 02:09:48,239 things like that 3364 02:09:51,270 --> 02:09:49,360 there were always a lot of folks who 3365 02:09:52,550 --> 02:09:51,280 said it could be as high as one to one i 3366 02:09:53,910 --> 02:09:52,560 always took to the idea that it was at 3367 02:09:57,109 --> 02:09:53,920 least 10 percent 3368 02:09:58,790 --> 02:09:57,119 you know um but there was we didn't know 3369 02:10:00,870 --> 02:09:58,800 it could have been one a million 3370 02:10:02,390 --> 02:10:00,880 because then it was well then it was 3371 02:10:04,870 --> 02:10:02,400 zero exoplanets 3372 02:10:06,069 --> 02:10:04,880 yeah and everything was a guess i think 3373 02:10:07,510 --> 02:10:06,079 our first one i can't believe we 3374 02:10:08,550 --> 02:10:07,520 discovered the first exoplanet in the 3375 02:10:11,830 --> 02:10:08,560 late 90s 3376 02:10:13,589 --> 02:10:11,840 2000s 1995 1995. 3377 02:10:15,030 --> 02:10:13,599 and since then we found so many more and 3378 02:10:15,910 --> 02:10:15,040 again we knew there'd be a ton but we 3379 02:10:19,189 --> 02:10:15,920 didn't know 3380 02:10:21,830 --> 02:10:19,199 is it 1 000 systems that's got a planet 3381 02:10:23,109 --> 02:10:21,840 that's earth-like is that one a billion 3382 02:10:26,629 --> 02:10:23,119 and now it looks like it's 3383 02:10:29,830 --> 02:10:26,639 everywhere just everywhere so 3384 02:10:34,550 --> 02:10:29,840 what do we what do we do with this when 3385 02:10:37,350 --> 02:10:34,560 uh uh the numbers go through the roof 3386 02:10:38,069 --> 02:10:37,360 and we're looking at the fermi paradox 3387 02:10:41,430 --> 02:10:38,079 where we 3388 02:10:45,030 --> 02:10:41,440 know obviously it's a numbers game 3389 02:10:48,310 --> 02:10:45,040 but there's got to be life 3390 02:10:51,750 --> 02:10:48,320 uh a lot of it just in our galaxy 3391 02:10:54,390 --> 02:10:51,760 but where are they and then we have 3392 02:10:55,270 --> 02:10:54,400 this all the chatter with the united 3393 02:10:58,470 --> 02:10:55,280 states navy 3394 02:11:02,310 --> 02:10:58,480 the pentagon uaps videos 3395 02:11:05,430 --> 02:11:02,320 pilot testimony tic tacs visitation 3396 02:11:07,189 --> 02:11:05,440 yeah the new uh the new uap 3397 02:11:09,189 --> 02:11:07,199 created by the senate intelligence 3398 02:11:11,030 --> 02:11:09,199 committee that is now positioned in the 3399 02:11:13,109 --> 02:11:11,040 pentagon we've got a report due from 3400 02:11:16,550 --> 02:11:13,119 them in 180 days 3401 02:11:20,069 --> 02:11:16,560 um they are talking about this 3402 02:11:22,310 --> 02:11:20,079 in a whole other way um then 3403 02:11:23,990 --> 02:11:22,320 you as a skeptic which i understand 3404 02:11:25,350 --> 02:11:24,000 because you've never seen a ufo you've 3405 02:11:28,550 --> 02:11:25,360 never been abducted 3406 02:11:32,550 --> 02:11:28,560 you've never been probed you have it 3407 02:11:34,390 --> 02:11:32,560 that is so um but how does this start to 3408 02:11:35,189 --> 02:11:34,400 change the way that you are looking at 3409 02:11:37,750 --> 02:11:35,199 this 3410 02:11:38,709 --> 02:11:37,760 and what may be happening right now as 3411 02:11:41,750 --> 02:11:38,719 we speak 3412 02:11:43,350 --> 02:11:41,760 in the skies a frustrating 3413 02:11:44,870 --> 02:11:43,360 answer i always have to give people is i 3414 02:11:46,310 --> 02:11:44,880 i don't let it change my view on it 3415 02:11:47,350 --> 02:11:46,320 because i have to hold it to a certain 3416 02:11:49,030 --> 02:11:47,360 standard 3417 02:11:50,950 --> 02:11:49,040 um it has to be at that level where i 3418 02:11:53,830 --> 02:11:50,960 can say from a science perspective 3419 02:11:55,109 --> 02:11:53,840 yep absolutely this specific thing is an 3420 02:11:56,310 --> 02:11:55,119 alien of this variety 3421 02:11:57,750 --> 02:11:56,320 it's not enough just know that it's 3422 02:11:58,629 --> 02:11:57,760 undetected either or that it's 3423 02:12:00,790 --> 02:11:58,639 unidentified 3424 02:12:03,030 --> 02:12:00,800 i need to know what is it not just what 3425 02:12:04,629 --> 02:12:03,040 it isn't or what it might be 3426 02:12:05,990 --> 02:12:04,639 but as to what it is oh yeah it's 3427 02:12:07,270 --> 02:12:06,000 strange stuff you know i don't look at 3428 02:12:07,830 --> 02:12:07,280 the go fast videos and things like that 3429 02:12:09,189 --> 02:12:07,840 and say 3430 02:12:10,629 --> 02:12:09,199 oh yeah that's definitely a weather 3431 02:12:11,830 --> 02:12:10,639 balloon well it might be in that case 3432 02:12:13,270 --> 02:12:11,840 but you know 3433 02:12:14,950 --> 02:12:13,280 it's a weird place we live in the 3434 02:12:16,310 --> 02:12:14,960 universe is strange and 3435 02:12:18,310 --> 02:12:16,320 the idea that there is an alien life 3436 02:12:19,189 --> 02:12:18,320 somewhere in it is one of those things 3437 02:12:20,629 --> 02:12:19,199 that come to me more in 3438 02:12:22,470 --> 02:12:20,639 later or that i've gotten skeptical 3439 02:12:24,229 --> 02:12:22,480 about at all i tended to assume it was 3440 02:12:27,030 --> 02:12:24,239 pretty common when i was younger 3441 02:12:28,229 --> 02:12:27,040 um but uh we are getting to the point 3442 02:12:29,430 --> 02:12:28,239 where we are going to start making real 3443 02:12:31,589 --> 02:12:29,440 observations soon 3444 02:12:33,109 --> 02:12:31,599 i had a fun occasion to guest lecture at 3445 02:12:34,390 --> 02:12:33,119 the air force academy a couple months 3446 02:12:35,910 --> 02:12:34,400 back and 3447 02:12:37,510 --> 02:12:35,920 um you know they're good to the folks 3448 02:12:39,189 --> 02:12:37,520 who are going to be forming the space 3449 02:12:40,390 --> 02:12:39,199 force the young cadets they're looking 3450 02:12:41,910 --> 02:12:40,400 to go into that 3451 02:12:43,430 --> 02:12:41,920 and that is something that's on their 3452 02:12:45,830 --> 02:12:43,440 mind too so 3453 02:12:47,270 --> 02:12:45,840 you know we are if it's there we are 3454 02:12:48,470 --> 02:12:47,280 going to find it in the next couple 3455 02:12:50,550 --> 02:12:48,480 decades if it's there 3456 02:12:52,470 --> 02:12:50,560 it's actually actively with us that we 3457 02:12:54,229 --> 02:12:52,480 in my mind there's no doubt that if it's 3458 02:12:55,750 --> 02:12:54,239 out there and it's active that way near 3459 02:12:57,189 --> 02:12:55,760 us we'll have it pinned down 3460 02:12:59,109 --> 02:12:57,199 i tend to assume that we won't because 3461 02:13:00,310 --> 02:12:59,119 it isn't going on but we'll see 3462 02:13:01,750 --> 02:13:00,320 and that's one of those ones where i 3463 02:13:02,709 --> 02:13:01,760 won't mind being wrong if i try to be 3464 02:13:04,390 --> 02:13:02,719 wrong 3465 02:13:06,470 --> 02:13:04,400 but at the same time we do want to be 3466 02:13:07,750 --> 02:13:06,480 careful because the core of the ferry 3467 02:13:08,709 --> 02:13:07,760 paradox is the assumption that the 3468 02:13:10,790 --> 02:13:08,719 universe is such an 3469 02:13:12,310 --> 02:13:10,800 old and huge place that they must have 3470 02:13:14,550 --> 02:13:12,320 other intelligent life 3471 02:13:16,390 --> 02:13:14,560 well the earth is an old and huge place 3472 02:13:17,589 --> 02:13:16,400 and we're the first really intelligent 3473 02:13:20,390 --> 02:13:17,599 live on it 3474 02:13:22,069 --> 02:13:20,400 and we'll relate to the other stuff um 3475 02:13:23,669 --> 02:13:22,079 we don't know what the odds of life are 3476 02:13:25,430 --> 02:13:23,679 we have no idea what it takes to 3477 02:13:27,270 --> 02:13:25,440 actually cause life to exist 3478 02:13:29,189 --> 02:13:27,280 it is possible that that basic 3479 02:13:31,510 --> 02:13:29,199 abiogenesis event 3480 02:13:32,790 --> 02:13:31,520 is something that is less likely not to 3481 02:13:35,350 --> 02:13:32,800 happen even once 3482 02:13:36,390 --> 02:13:35,360 in the history of the entire universe uh 3483 02:13:37,669 --> 02:13:36,400 or it could be something that's so 3484 02:13:39,510 --> 02:13:37,679 common that it would happen on any 3485 02:13:40,550 --> 02:13:39,520 planet within a few years of that planet 3486 02:13:42,550 --> 02:13:40,560 forming 3487 02:13:43,830 --> 02:13:42,560 until we know these numbers until we can 3488 02:13:45,430 --> 02:13:43,840 actually get out there and observe it we 3489 02:13:46,310 --> 02:13:45,440 just don't know and so 3490 02:13:48,069 --> 02:13:46,320 you know as well as things whether 3491 02:13:48,629 --> 02:13:48,079 you're a skeptic or you're on board with 3492 02:13:51,669 --> 02:13:48,639 it 3493 02:13:52,229 --> 02:13:51,679 we all agree go find out go get more 3494 02:13:55,430 --> 02:13:52,239 data 3495 02:13:56,830 --> 02:13:55,440 go look and explore and uh we'll know 3496 02:14:00,229 --> 02:13:56,840 better then 3497 02:14:05,030 --> 02:14:00,239 wow no one knows for sure yet 3498 02:14:08,149 --> 02:14:05,040 you have written and presented 3499 02:14:11,430 --> 02:14:08,159 every possible angle of not only 3500 02:14:13,750 --> 02:14:11,440 populating uh the outer planets in our 3501 02:14:17,109 --> 02:14:13,760 solar system how we would do that 3502 02:14:20,910 --> 02:14:17,119 to colonizing the stars colonizing 3503 02:14:24,790 --> 02:14:20,920 uh with uh spaceships and of course 3504 02:14:28,069 --> 02:14:24,800 interplanetary intergalactical trade 3505 02:14:31,189 --> 02:14:28,079 uh all of every single angle 3506 02:14:33,669 --> 02:14:31,199 of alien e.t uh 3507 02:14:35,350 --> 02:14:33,679 intelligence and trade and life has been 3508 02:14:38,310 --> 02:14:35,360 explored by you 3509 02:14:40,229 --> 02:14:38,320 this is it you have presented some of 3510 02:14:44,149 --> 02:14:40,239 the most fascinating concepts 3511 02:14:46,069 --> 02:14:44,159 with this but yet you think that there's 3512 02:14:47,510 --> 02:14:46,079 a possibility we are alone in the 3513 02:14:52,069 --> 02:14:47,520 universe 3514 02:14:54,470 --> 02:14:52,079 are you a walking paradox yes 3515 02:14:56,390 --> 02:14:54,480 the fermi paradox is called that for a 3516 02:14:57,990 --> 02:14:56,400 reason it seems 3517 02:14:59,750 --> 02:14:58,000 so clear that it should be one or the 3518 02:15:01,510 --> 02:14:59,760 other but every solution i've seen for 3519 02:15:02,149 --> 02:15:01,520 the fermi paradox even when i subscribe 3520 02:15:03,830 --> 02:15:02,159 to 3521 02:15:05,830 --> 02:15:03,840 it's not a question of which one is the 3522 02:15:08,870 --> 02:15:05,840 best answer which one's the 3523 02:15:10,069 --> 02:15:08,880 least bad one you know because again it 3524 02:15:11,669 --> 02:15:10,079 doesn't make sense that we should be 3525 02:15:12,790 --> 02:15:11,679 alone in the universe that's not to me a 3526 02:15:15,270 --> 02:15:12,800 really good answer 3527 02:15:16,149 --> 02:15:15,280 to me it seems like the least bad one 3528 02:15:17,510 --> 02:15:16,159 you know uh 3529 02:15:19,430 --> 02:15:17,520 from the what i see is the available 3530 02:15:20,870 --> 02:15:19,440 evidence no one's really put one 3531 02:15:22,870 --> 02:15:20,880 together that has an absolutely good 3532 02:15:24,550 --> 02:15:22,880 reason for why it is and mind you 3533 02:15:25,910 --> 02:15:24,560 it's not a question of well the answer 3534 02:15:26,950 --> 02:15:25,920 is they're here okay 3535 02:15:28,550 --> 02:15:26,960 let's assume for the moment they 3536 02:15:29,270 --> 02:15:28,560 actually are here that they are coming 3537 02:15:30,709 --> 02:15:29,280 by and 3538 02:15:32,390 --> 02:15:30,719 all the sightings are correct or at 3539 02:15:33,350 --> 02:15:32,400 least some of the sides are correct in a 3540 02:15:35,189 --> 02:15:33,360 specific way 3541 02:15:36,390 --> 02:15:35,199 what are they doing here we're not in 3542 02:15:38,390 --> 02:15:36,400 agreement on what those are there's a 3543 02:15:39,830 --> 02:15:38,400 lot of suggested ideas 3544 02:15:41,910 --> 02:15:39,840 when how many of them are there where 3545 02:15:43,910 --> 02:15:41,920 are they from why are they here 3546 02:15:46,470 --> 02:15:43,920 we don't know what's their purpose in 3547 02:15:48,790 --> 02:15:46,480 life why isn't the galaxy more populated 3548 02:15:50,470 --> 02:15:48,800 why aren't they dyson swarming every 3549 02:15:51,430 --> 02:15:50,480 star in the galaxy so that we can still 3550 02:15:53,669 --> 02:15:51,440 see cells 3551 02:15:55,189 --> 02:15:53,679 we don't know and however it comes back 3552 02:15:56,470 --> 02:15:55,199 to you is that one of our basic 3553 02:15:58,790 --> 02:15:56,480 assumptions about the universe 3554 02:16:00,470 --> 02:15:58,800 has to be about don't know which one it 3555 02:16:01,510 --> 02:16:00,480 is it could be more than one but 3556 02:16:03,990 --> 02:16:01,520 something we're doing when we look at 3557 02:16:05,350 --> 02:16:04,000 the universe has to be wrong maybe 3558 02:16:08,550 --> 02:16:05,360 it's that the laws of thermodynamics 3559 02:16:11,270 --> 02:16:08,560 aren't solid yes but that's exactly 3560 02:16:11,990 --> 02:16:11,280 now you're on the right track in that 3561 02:16:16,310 --> 02:16:12,000 how do we 3562 02:16:19,750 --> 02:16:16,320 even know what to look for 3563 02:16:23,350 --> 02:16:19,760 we are observing in our 3564 02:16:26,950 --> 02:16:23,360 speed in our frequency 3565 02:16:30,229 --> 02:16:26,960 we are looking for radio signals in our 3566 02:16:33,030 --> 02:16:30,239 speed they may be living on a whole 3567 02:16:34,230 --> 02:16:33,040 other time scale that is out of our 3568 02:16:37,589 --> 02:16:34,240 frequency range 3569 02:16:40,389 --> 02:16:37,599 all together it may not be observable 3570 02:16:42,469 --> 02:16:40,399 until they are here but looking out into 3571 02:16:44,790 --> 02:16:42,479 the stars 3572 02:16:46,870 --> 02:16:44,800 it's just not there it's noise that 3573 02:16:48,870 --> 02:16:46,880 we're seeing 3574 02:16:50,469 --> 02:16:48,880 we have exactly one example of life that 3575 02:16:51,509 --> 02:16:50,479 we've been able to study in detail 3576 02:16:53,750 --> 02:16:51,519 we don't know that it works that way 3577 02:16:55,270 --> 02:16:53,760 anywhere else but we but we have some 3578 02:16:56,549 --> 02:16:55,280 indications of what it might look like 3579 02:16:58,389 --> 02:16:56,559 for instance if we talk about 3580 02:17:00,309 --> 02:16:58,399 you know post chemo trans unix systems 3581 02:17:01,750 --> 02:17:00,319 we say well let's replace all the 3582 02:17:03,429 --> 02:17:01,760 neurons in people's heads which 3583 02:17:04,469 --> 02:17:03,439 communicate at like one millionth of the 3584 02:17:06,150 --> 02:17:04,479 speed of light with something that 3585 02:17:07,669 --> 02:17:06,160 communicates at the speed of light 3586 02:17:09,589 --> 02:17:07,679 and now a sudden sometimes thinking a 3587 02:17:10,870 --> 02:17:09,599 million times faster 3588 02:17:12,389 --> 02:17:10,880 well if they're thinking a million times 3589 02:17:13,990 --> 02:17:12,399 faster they're experiencing existence a 3590 02:17:16,389 --> 02:17:14,000 million times faster 3591 02:17:17,990 --> 02:17:16,399 so um you know the speed of light would 3592 02:17:19,190 --> 02:17:18,000 be quite a problem for them because then 3593 02:17:20,870 --> 02:17:19,200 it's not taking four 3594 02:17:22,709 --> 02:17:20,880 year light years to get there it feels 3595 02:17:25,349 --> 02:17:22,719 like four million light years 3596 02:17:25,910 --> 02:17:25,359 um they experience time so much faster 3597 02:17:28,230 --> 02:17:25,920 if this is 3598 02:17:30,309 --> 02:17:28,240 a a pathway that life would follow or 3599 02:17:32,870 --> 02:17:30,319 alternatively maybe life for them is 3600 02:17:33,509 --> 02:17:32,880 uh you know slow superconducting super 3601 02:17:37,750 --> 02:17:33,519 helium 3602 02:17:41,190 --> 02:17:37,760 past pluto 3603 02:17:43,589 --> 02:17:41,200 and life takes place in a time scale 3604 02:17:45,349 --> 02:17:43,599 that makes tree lifetimes go really slow 3605 02:17:46,150 --> 02:17:45,359 or they observe mountains going slow and 3606 02:17:48,709 --> 02:17:46,160 for them 3607 02:17:50,230 --> 02:17:48,719 life only started a few minutes ago in 3608 02:17:51,910 --> 02:17:50,240 personal time 3609 02:17:54,150 --> 02:17:51,920 we just don't know because we have you 3610 02:17:55,429 --> 02:17:54,160 know a whole scientific example of what 3611 02:17:58,629 --> 02:17:55,439 intelligent life 3612 02:17:59,990 --> 02:17:58,639 is like is a sample size of one 3613 02:18:01,509 --> 02:18:00,000 [Music] 3614 02:18:04,469 --> 02:18:01,519 and we might be a regular example we 3615 02:18:07,750 --> 02:18:04,479 might be a weird one so 3616 02:18:11,270 --> 02:18:07,760 we and to understand this concept 3617 02:18:14,549 --> 02:18:11,280 uh and to digest it 3618 02:18:15,509 --> 02:18:14,559 we are looking with telescopes out of 3619 02:18:19,270 --> 02:18:15,519 the stars 3620 02:18:23,669 --> 02:18:19,280 and no matter how far away 3621 02:18:26,870 --> 02:18:23,679 you go 12 light years away well 3622 02:18:29,589 --> 02:18:26,880 we are observing the old 3623 02:18:30,070 --> 02:18:29,599 version of that we are not looking at 3624 02:18:34,150 --> 02:18:30,080 them 3625 02:18:37,349 --> 02:18:34,160 in real time also it's the same 3626 02:18:40,950 --> 02:18:37,359 observation for them looking at us 3627 02:18:41,910 --> 02:18:40,960 from 12 light years away what is here on 3628 02:18:45,110 --> 02:18:41,920 earth 3629 02:18:47,990 --> 02:18:45,120 astronomy is history right right 3630 02:18:49,349 --> 02:18:48,000 right so if we are looking at the old 3631 02:18:52,950 --> 02:18:49,359 version 3632 02:18:56,549 --> 02:18:52,960 then life could have advanced 3633 02:18:57,270 --> 02:18:56,559 right 50 million years ago but we don't 3634 02:19:00,389 --> 02:18:57,280 see it 3635 02:19:03,830 --> 02:19:00,399 yet and we wouldn't know it yet 3636 02:19:05,509 --> 02:19:03,840 if we are just observing if the 3637 02:19:06,790 --> 02:19:05,519 the u.s place that life exists at on 3638 02:19:08,230 --> 02:19:06,800 intelligent life exists at is the 3639 02:19:09,509 --> 02:19:08,240 andromeda galaxy then 3640 02:19:11,110 --> 02:19:09,519 it would only have to have developed the 3641 02:19:12,150 --> 02:19:11,120 last two million years to be invisible 3642 02:19:14,230 --> 02:19:12,160 to us 3643 02:19:15,830 --> 02:19:14,240 uh and vice versa you know and that's 3644 02:19:17,589 --> 02:19:15,840 the nearest galaxy 3645 02:19:19,509 --> 02:19:17,599 but for our own galaxy everything's 3646 02:19:21,110 --> 02:19:19,519 within a hundred thousand years or so 3647 02:19:22,790 --> 02:19:21,120 that starts getting the time zone with 3648 02:19:24,230 --> 02:19:22,800 the universe being as as old as it is 3649 02:19:26,070 --> 02:19:24,240 you'd expect that if there's a lot of 3650 02:19:27,349 --> 02:19:26,080 civilizations here 3651 02:19:29,030 --> 02:19:27,359 one of them should still be around that 3652 02:19:30,230 --> 02:19:29,040 we could communicate with or see 3653 02:19:31,589 --> 02:19:30,240 especially if they actually were getting 3654 02:19:32,389 --> 02:19:31,599 out there and colonizing but then again 3655 02:19:34,309 --> 02:19:32,399 that as soon as they 3656 02:19:35,990 --> 02:19:34,319 they go out and colonize the universe 3657 02:19:37,589 --> 02:19:36,000 maybe they don't maybe they go out and 3658 02:19:39,110 --> 02:19:37,599 colonize the multiverse 3659 02:19:40,870 --> 02:19:39,120 it's a lot easier if you have the 3660 02:19:42,950 --> 02:19:40,880 technology for an ability to do it to go 3661 02:19:44,870 --> 02:19:42,960 colonize a parallel copy of earth 3662 02:19:47,750 --> 02:19:44,880 that's exactly identical except the 3663 02:19:49,270 --> 02:19:47,760 first intelligent primate uh you know 3664 02:19:50,950 --> 02:19:49,280 hominid fellow were dead and never 3665 02:19:52,230 --> 02:19:50,960 evolved or at least would not for 3666 02:19:54,469 --> 02:19:52,240 another 10 million years 3667 02:19:55,910 --> 02:19:54,479 you go colonize the nearly infinite 3668 02:19:57,429 --> 02:19:55,920 numbers of copies of earth that are 3669 02:19:58,790 --> 02:19:57,439 identical except they don't have humans 3670 02:20:00,230 --> 02:19:58,800 on them 3671 02:20:01,910 --> 02:20:00,240 there should be a new infant supply 3672 02:20:03,510 --> 02:20:01,920 those at the theory is right 3673 02:20:05,110 --> 02:20:03,520 see that technology you get that before 3674 02:20:06,790 --> 02:20:05,120 your first starships have arrived the 3675 02:20:09,270 --> 02:20:06,800 nearest colonies 3676 02:20:10,389 --> 02:20:09,280 why are you calling out the galaxy if 3677 02:20:13,510 --> 02:20:10,399 the cop is your own water 3678 02:20:15,349 --> 02:20:13,520 aren't we looking to do the same thing 3679 02:20:18,389 --> 02:20:15,359 we don't want to colonize a planet 3680 02:20:19,990 --> 02:20:18,399 that's already got life on it 3681 02:20:21,270 --> 02:20:20,000 as a copy of your own planet you'll go 3682 02:20:23,349 --> 02:20:21,280 find one with the dinosaurs that's still 3683 02:20:25,030 --> 02:20:23,359 around that you enjoy or you know again 3684 02:20:26,309 --> 02:20:25,040 why go travel to a distant world that 3685 02:20:27,270 --> 02:20:26,319 you don't even know there's life on it 3686 02:20:29,110 --> 02:20:27,280 yet 3687 02:20:30,950 --> 02:20:29,120 except to explore now to be fair if you 3688 02:20:32,309 --> 02:20:30,960 can do that if you can access all these 3689 02:20:33,190 --> 02:20:32,319 multiverse copies of your own word 3690 02:20:35,270 --> 02:20:33,200 colonize 3691 02:20:36,309 --> 02:20:35,280 that gives you access to so much 3692 02:20:37,349 --> 02:20:36,319 resources 3693 02:20:38,710 --> 02:20:37,359 that you shouldn't have any problem 3694 02:20:39,830 --> 02:20:38,720 going out and exploring the galaxy just 3695 02:20:41,349 --> 02:20:39,840 for kicks 3696 02:20:43,190 --> 02:20:41,359 of course that brings up the question of 3697 02:20:44,630 --> 02:20:43,200 which galaxy you're exploring since you 3698 02:20:46,150 --> 02:20:44,640 presume you have access to an infinite 3699 02:20:48,790 --> 02:20:46,160 supply they'll go look at 3700 02:20:50,389 --> 02:20:48,800 so it is one of those things where there 3701 02:20:51,830 --> 02:20:50,399 is life around and it seems like there 3702 02:20:52,870 --> 02:20:51,840 should be it should be bumping into each 3703 02:20:56,950 --> 02:20:52,880 other all over the place 3704 02:20:59,270 --> 02:20:56,960 do you think that we 3705 02:21:00,389 --> 02:20:59,280 i don't care about time scales here do 3706 02:21:03,910 --> 02:21:00,399 you think that we will 3707 02:21:07,750 --> 02:21:03,920 ever venture as earthlings 3708 02:21:10,070 --> 02:21:07,760 outside of our galaxy yes 3709 02:21:11,510 --> 02:21:10,080 really you think that's possible do you 3710 02:21:13,830 --> 02:21:11,520 think it is possible i i just 3711 02:21:15,110 --> 02:21:13,840 for a given value of earthlings because 3712 02:21:16,230 --> 02:21:15,120 if it takes you 200 3713 02:21:18,550 --> 02:21:16,240 000 years to get to the edge of the 3714 02:21:21,030 --> 02:21:18,560 galaxy you know again 3715 02:21:22,150 --> 02:21:21,040 that's a long time for civilization 3716 02:21:24,070 --> 02:21:22,160 that's 50 3717 02:21:25,510 --> 02:21:24,080 times longer than spencer's the pm it's 3718 02:21:28,550 --> 02:21:25,520 built or since 3719 02:21:30,630 --> 02:21:28,560 uh you know the babylon first got built 3720 02:21:31,590 --> 02:21:30,640 you know it's a long time at the same 3721 02:21:32,870 --> 02:21:31,600 time 3722 02:21:33,910 --> 02:21:32,880 galaxy and that's if you're traveling 3723 02:21:35,349 --> 02:21:33,920 the speed of light that's if you're 3724 02:21:35,910 --> 02:21:35,359 traveling at the speed of light most 3725 02:21:38,150 --> 02:21:35,920 people don't 3726 02:21:39,990 --> 02:21:38,160 understand the size of the milky way you 3727 02:21:43,910 --> 02:21:40,000 know it's 150 to 200 3728 02:21:46,469 --> 02:21:43,920 000 light years across that's ginormous 3729 02:21:47,190 --> 02:21:46,479 and so for us and where we are in the 3730 02:21:48,950 --> 02:21:47,200 spiral 3731 02:21:50,630 --> 02:21:48,960 we're kind of you know we're in the 3732 02:21:53,349 --> 02:21:50,640 goldilocks zone of 3733 02:21:54,309 --> 02:21:53,359 of the galaxy right okay there are 3734 02:21:57,590 --> 02:21:54,319 violent 3735 02:21:59,990 --> 02:21:57,600 places in our galaxy with radiation 3736 02:22:01,670 --> 02:22:00,000 where there is no life on any planet it 3737 02:22:04,070 --> 02:22:01,680 is it's an impossibility 3738 02:22:05,510 --> 02:22:04,080 to do this statement generally is uh the 3739 02:22:06,950 --> 02:22:05,520 you know the space is very empty it's 3740 02:22:08,469 --> 02:22:06,960 like well no space isn't 3741 02:22:10,309 --> 02:22:08,479 empty it's just everything it's full of 3742 02:22:13,349 --> 02:22:10,319 is horribly deadly 3743 02:22:15,030 --> 02:22:13,359 horribly deadly um but where we are 3744 02:22:17,110 --> 02:22:15,040 we're at the edge of the galaxy and it 3745 02:22:20,550 --> 02:22:17,120 would still take us forever 3746 02:22:23,190 --> 02:22:20,560 uh to not only get to uh the next star 3747 02:22:25,429 --> 02:22:23,200 but to get outside of the galaxy or even 3748 02:22:27,429 --> 02:22:25,439 remotely close to andromeda which is our 3749 02:22:29,750 --> 02:22:27,439 closest galactic neighbor 3750 02:22:30,710 --> 02:22:29,760 right i think i did uh an episode that 3751 02:22:32,550 --> 02:22:30,720 was looking at that 3752 02:22:34,230 --> 02:22:32,560 idea life in a space colony series i was 3753 02:22:34,950 --> 02:22:34,240 traveling out the edge of the galaxy and 3754 02:22:36,389 --> 02:22:34,960 uh 3755 02:22:37,670 --> 02:22:36,399 intergalactic colonization they get to 3756 02:22:38,150 --> 02:22:37,680 the tournament system they're trying to 3757 02:22:39,830 --> 02:22:38,160 say 3758 02:22:41,270 --> 02:22:39,840 how are we going to get to another stone 3759 02:22:43,110 --> 02:22:41,280 you know to another galaxy 3760 02:22:44,469 --> 02:22:43,120 and you'll embrace here two million year 3761 02:22:45,830 --> 02:22:44,479 journey even if you get yourself into 3762 02:22:48,070 --> 02:22:45,840 neolight speed 3763 02:22:49,270 --> 02:22:48,080 and there is stuff between there the 3764 02:22:50,550 --> 02:22:49,280 idea that there isn't anything between 3765 02:22:52,309 --> 02:22:50,560 us there's probably about half the stars 3766 02:22:53,349 --> 02:22:52,319 in the universe all outside of galaxies 3767 02:22:54,870 --> 02:22:53,359 there's a lot of them out there but 3768 02:22:56,469 --> 02:22:54,880 they're so thinly spread they'll bring 3769 02:22:57,670 --> 02:22:56,479 the highest oasis thousands light years 3770 02:23:01,190 --> 02:22:57,680 from each other 3771 02:23:02,870 --> 02:23:01,200 and uh that's a long journey but 3772 02:23:04,309 --> 02:23:02,880 you know it's it's not the question of 3773 02:23:04,870 --> 02:23:04,319 whether or not you're going to go there 3774 02:23:06,469 --> 02:23:04,880 yourself 3775 02:23:08,070 --> 02:23:06,479 on these planned missions it's the idea 3776 02:23:08,870 --> 02:23:08,080 that if i've got some tribe that's 3777 02:23:11,670 --> 02:23:08,880 sitting in 3778 02:23:13,270 --> 02:23:11,680 in ethiopia they're not contemplating 3779 02:23:15,590 --> 02:23:13,280 going out and colonizing 3780 02:23:17,270 --> 02:23:15,600 siberia or the americas they're just 3781 02:23:18,070 --> 02:23:17,280 going the next town over and their kids 3782 02:23:19,830 --> 02:23:18,080 feel one more 3783 02:23:21,110 --> 02:23:19,840 and their kids go one more it doesn't 3784 02:23:22,950 --> 02:23:21,120 have to be organized 3785 02:23:24,950 --> 02:23:22,960 if there is territory out there and 3786 02:23:26,550 --> 02:23:24,960 people have a motivation go to it they 3787 02:23:28,150 --> 02:23:26,560 will eventually do so 3788 02:23:30,150 --> 02:23:28,160 so it just comes down the question is is 3789 02:23:31,830 --> 02:23:30,160 there a motivation to do so 3790 02:23:33,190 --> 02:23:31,840 and of course that is based on the 3791 02:23:34,870 --> 02:23:33,200 assumption there's a finite amount of 3792 02:23:36,070 --> 02:23:34,880 matter and energy they have access to 3793 02:23:38,150 --> 02:23:36,080 we don't know what technologies we're 3794 02:23:39,990 --> 02:23:38,160 going to find in another 10 years 20 3795 02:23:41,349 --> 02:23:40,000 years 10 million years 3796 02:23:42,950 --> 02:23:41,359 it might be that by the time they get to 3797 02:23:44,309 --> 02:23:42,960 the edge of the galaxy there's no reason 3798 02:23:45,110 --> 02:23:44,319 for them to leave it because they got 3799 02:23:47,349 --> 02:23:45,120 better 3800 02:23:48,630 --> 02:23:47,359 places to go but they might do it anyway 3801 02:23:50,389 --> 02:23:48,640 just because if you got access to all 3802 02:23:52,790 --> 02:23:50,399 those better resources 3803 02:23:53,429 --> 02:23:52,800 it makes it easier to make that journey 3804 02:23:56,630 --> 02:23:53,439 so 3805 02:23:58,710 --> 02:23:56,640 now we are sending probes to 3806 02:24:00,150 --> 02:23:58,720 saturn and jupiter and the moon and 3807 02:24:03,429 --> 02:24:00,160 venus and mars 3808 02:24:06,550 --> 02:24:03,439 and and uh just did the fantastic 3809 02:24:09,830 --> 02:24:06,560 drive-by of uh pluto which was fantastic 3810 02:24:10,150 --> 02:24:09,840 so uh but we're not those are obviously 3811 02:24:13,670 --> 02:24:10,160 not 3812 02:24:16,630 --> 02:24:13,680 manned missions isn't that 3813 02:24:18,630 --> 02:24:16,640 what e.t would be doing it's not 3814 02:24:20,150 --> 02:24:18,640 necessarily with the ginormous 3815 02:24:22,710 --> 02:24:20,160 colonizing 3816 02:24:24,630 --> 02:24:22,720 uh starship but they would be sending 3817 02:24:27,429 --> 02:24:24,640 probes throughout the galaxy 3818 02:24:28,309 --> 02:24:27,439 to see what is out there sure but define 3819 02:24:30,389 --> 02:24:28,319 manned 3820 02:24:31,670 --> 02:24:30,399 probe you know well they talk about 3821 02:24:33,590 --> 02:24:31,680 something that's not a man it's an alien 3822 02:24:35,270 --> 02:24:33,600 but it might be an alien ai 3823 02:24:36,150 --> 02:24:35,280 well you know we are wondering if 3824 02:24:37,910 --> 02:24:36,160 there's going to be anything that really 3825 02:24:39,270 --> 02:24:37,920 qualifies as a classic human in another 3826 02:24:42,150 --> 02:24:39,280 couple centuries 3827 02:24:42,710 --> 02:24:42,160 um it might be that they are cyborgs 3828 02:24:45,429 --> 02:24:42,720 they might be 3829 02:24:47,110 --> 02:24:45,439 artificial intelligences uh and that's 3830 02:24:48,790 --> 02:24:47,120 to be a pretty blurry distinction anyway 3831 02:24:50,469 --> 02:24:48,800 what is artificial intelligence humans 3832 02:24:52,389 --> 02:24:50,479 are artificial intelligence that we're 3833 02:24:54,950 --> 02:24:52,399 about as a 3834 02:24:55,750 --> 02:24:54,960 um but uh will an alien that's coming 3835 02:24:58,230 --> 02:24:55,760 here 3836 02:24:59,510 --> 02:24:58,240 in a probe would that probe be dumb it 3837 02:25:01,750 --> 02:24:59,520 might be they might intentionally make 3838 02:25:03,590 --> 02:25:01,760 their probes as dumb as they need to be 3839 02:25:05,030 --> 02:25:03,600 just to get the mission done because 3840 02:25:06,469 --> 02:25:05,040 it's a little bit dangerous to send out 3841 02:25:07,429 --> 02:25:06,479 self-replicating probes in the universe 3842 02:25:09,590 --> 02:25:07,439 they are smart 3843 02:25:10,950 --> 02:25:09,600 they might come home for a visit yeah 3844 02:25:12,870 --> 02:25:10,960 but uh 3845 02:25:14,309 --> 02:25:12,880 you know they might be very smart popes 3846 02:25:15,670 --> 02:25:14,319 and there might be that 3847 02:25:17,190 --> 02:25:15,680 that is one way that they go out to 3848 02:25:18,870 --> 02:25:17,200 explore you also they send out a probe 3849 02:25:20,710 --> 02:25:18,880 that's got copies of their own minds on 3850 02:25:22,389 --> 02:25:20,720 them when they arrive they 3851 02:25:24,150 --> 02:25:22,399 unpack look around grab a random 3852 02:25:26,469 --> 02:25:24,160 asteroid set up shop and say 3853 02:25:27,990 --> 02:25:26,479 ah and there's life yo let's talk to it 3854 02:25:28,630 --> 02:25:28,000 or there's life here that's eradicated 3855 02:25:33,750 --> 02:25:28,640 or 3856 02:25:34,870 --> 02:25:33,760 we don't know what they do we can only 3857 02:25:38,150 --> 02:25:34,880 guess what we might do 3858 02:25:39,910 --> 02:25:38,160 well that's exactly if we base you know 3859 02:25:43,030 --> 02:25:39,920 what could be coming here 3860 02:25:44,790 --> 02:25:43,040 just on what what our interest is which 3861 02:25:46,389 --> 02:25:44,800 is sending probes out to all the planets 3862 02:25:47,750 --> 02:25:46,399 that we can and hoping that something's 3863 02:25:50,389 --> 02:25:47,760 going to land 3864 02:25:51,830 --> 02:25:50,399 uh right that's that's can't even say 3865 02:25:53,590 --> 02:25:51,840 with so indeed that they'd be curious 3866 02:25:54,790 --> 02:25:53,600 though that does seem likely 3867 02:25:57,270 --> 02:25:54,800 you shouldn't be a technological 3868 02:25:59,030 --> 02:25:57,280 civilization if you're not curious but 3869 02:26:00,469 --> 02:25:59,040 maybe they're not curious anymore maybe 3870 02:26:01,830 --> 02:26:00,479 curiosity is a 3871 02:26:03,510 --> 02:26:01,840 thing they've put out themselves as a 3872 02:26:04,630 --> 02:26:03,520 safety factor to avoid blowing 3873 02:26:06,630 --> 02:26:04,640 themselves up 3874 02:26:08,150 --> 02:26:06,640 but it does seem like the one thing we 3875 02:26:09,910 --> 02:26:08,160 could be reasonably talking about with 3876 02:26:11,510 --> 02:26:09,920 aliens is they should be curious about 3877 02:26:15,030 --> 02:26:11,520 the rest of the universe 3878 02:26:16,150 --> 02:26:15,040 so if if with your calculations i'm 3879 02:26:17,830 --> 02:26:16,160 looking at the clock you're going to 3880 02:26:19,349 --> 02:26:17,840 hang for overtime right 3881 02:26:21,349 --> 02:26:19,359 sure okay that's what i'm talking about 3882 02:26:23,190 --> 02:26:21,359 it's isaac arthur he's not going to say 3883 02:26:26,790 --> 02:26:23,200 no 3884 02:26:27,990 --> 02:26:26,800 what kind of uh time are we talking 3885 02:26:31,030 --> 02:26:28,000 about 3886 02:26:34,389 --> 02:26:31,040 once a civilization takes hold 3887 02:26:38,230 --> 02:26:34,399 and interstellar travel is available 3888 02:26:41,510 --> 02:26:38,240 to them then what are we talking about 3889 02:26:45,990 --> 02:26:41,520 once you colonize one planet 3890 02:26:49,030 --> 02:26:46,000 how quickly could you take over a galaxy 3891 02:26:52,469 --> 02:26:49,040 how fast your ships move it could be 3892 02:26:54,870 --> 02:26:52,479 it could literally be like that yeah 3893 02:26:56,230 --> 02:26:54,880 we could theoretically inside this next 3894 02:26:57,510 --> 02:26:56,240 century or two there's a couple of 3895 02:26:59,670 --> 02:26:57,520 technologies that we got in the next 3896 02:27:01,590 --> 02:26:59,680 century to would let us send out 3897 02:27:02,950 --> 02:27:01,600 ships as fast as we could breed up 3898 02:27:04,230 --> 02:27:02,960 populations to put them on them and if 3899 02:27:05,670 --> 02:27:04,240 we really want to might be able to clone 3900 02:27:07,590 --> 02:27:05,680 and replicate people to send 3901 02:27:09,270 --> 02:27:07,600 you know i could give you some scenarios 3902 02:27:11,349 --> 02:27:09,280 while we have the entire thing colonized 3903 02:27:13,429 --> 02:27:11,359 at 99 of lightspeed 3904 02:27:14,389 --> 02:27:13,439 that could rely on currently known 3905 02:27:16,309 --> 02:27:14,399 physics 3906 02:27:17,750 --> 02:27:16,319 i don't think we go quite that fast but 3907 02:27:18,790 --> 02:27:17,760 that's kind of the timeline you know 3908 02:27:21,030 --> 02:27:18,800 million years 3909 02:27:22,790 --> 02:27:21,040 maybe less the resources are there the 3910 02:27:25,110 --> 02:27:22,800 energy is there 3911 02:27:26,950 --> 02:27:25,120 right you can colonize the whole galaxy 3912 02:27:27,750 --> 02:27:26,960 with just the resources in this galaxy 3913 02:27:29,349 --> 02:27:27,760 without even getting into 3914 02:27:32,469 --> 02:27:29,359 self-replicating probes there's enough 3915 02:27:35,030 --> 02:27:32,479 in this solar system alone 3916 02:27:37,030 --> 02:27:35,040 back to the fermi paradox if that is the 3917 02:27:40,389 --> 02:27:37,040 case why haven't we seen it 3918 02:27:43,670 --> 02:27:40,399 and exactly okay so but 3919 02:27:49,830 --> 02:27:47,670 we could tomorrow destroy the planet 3920 02:27:51,990 --> 02:27:49,840 right nuclear exchange we're done it's 3921 02:27:54,630 --> 02:27:52,000 like we were never here 3922 02:27:55,910 --> 02:27:54,640 late filter options it's that that 3923 02:27:57,990 --> 02:27:55,920 filter 3924 02:27:58,950 --> 02:27:58,000 is is the one that fascinates me the 3925 02:28:03,030 --> 02:27:58,960 most 3926 02:28:04,550 --> 02:28:03,040 that even if uh a civilization makes it 3927 02:28:07,670 --> 02:28:04,560 to a million years 3928 02:28:09,590 --> 02:28:07,680 right of of technology right we're in a 3929 02:28:10,469 --> 02:28:09,600 hundred years of technology right now 3930 02:28:12,870 --> 02:28:10,479 that's where we are 3931 02:28:14,790 --> 02:28:12,880 at but if a civilization gets out there 3932 02:28:18,309 --> 02:28:14,800 they have to survive 3933 02:28:19,670 --> 02:28:18,319 killing each other right 3934 02:28:21,910 --> 02:28:19,680 well they're probably pretty talented at 3935 02:28:23,349 --> 02:28:21,920 about time they've gotten technology too 3936 02:28:24,950 --> 02:28:23,359 you know if you're going from basic 3937 02:28:26,469 --> 02:28:24,960 dolphinian perspective they probably 3938 02:28:27,349 --> 02:28:26,479 aren't the nicest people at war they 3939 02:28:29,349 --> 02:28:27,359 might be nice too 3940 02:28:30,710 --> 02:28:29,359 but there's a one that do we know two 3941 02:28:34,309 --> 02:28:30,720 things about aliens for certain 3942 02:28:36,950 --> 02:28:34,319 one they're not wimps they are not wimps 3943 02:28:37,670 --> 02:28:36,960 um they are going to know how to be 3944 02:28:40,070 --> 02:28:37,680 aggressive 3945 02:28:41,910 --> 02:28:40,080 and how to survive how to survive yes 3946 02:28:45,510 --> 02:28:41,920 and two they'll want to survive 3947 02:28:48,950 --> 02:28:47,349 they might be very benevolent but still 3948 02:28:49,750 --> 02:28:48,960 before themselves over us or they might 3949 02:28:51,190 --> 02:28:49,760 be 3950 02:28:52,389 --> 02:28:51,200 really set aside or like to go out and 3951 02:28:54,150 --> 02:28:52,399 kill anybody but they'll still value 3952 02:28:56,950 --> 02:28:54,160 their own existence overalls 3953 02:28:59,190 --> 02:28:56,960 well look we're pretty benevolent as a 3954 02:29:01,429 --> 02:28:59,200 species we kill each other a lot but 3955 02:29:02,870 --> 02:29:01,439 we're generally pretty nice you are the 3956 02:29:05,270 --> 02:29:02,880 most benevolent thing on the planet 3957 02:29:06,870 --> 02:29:05,280 yeah but when when we're walking around 3958 02:29:09,590 --> 02:29:06,880 our backyard 3959 02:29:09,910 --> 02:29:09,600 i'm not really conscious about stepping 3960 02:29:16,230 --> 02:29:09,920 on 3961 02:29:19,750 --> 02:29:16,240 right oh i'm so sorry 3962 02:29:22,950 --> 02:29:19,760 no it's just the way that it 3963 02:29:24,870 --> 02:29:22,960 is and if something is that advanced 3964 02:29:26,870 --> 02:29:24,880 up in front of us it's not about they 3965 02:29:28,790 --> 02:29:26,880 would look at us as ants 3966 02:29:30,790 --> 02:29:28,800 but they would definitely have a 3967 02:29:32,630 --> 02:29:30,800 different philosophical view 3968 02:29:34,389 --> 02:29:32,640 on themselves and their future and their 3969 02:29:35,910 --> 02:29:34,399 own survival 3970 02:29:37,590 --> 02:29:35,920 i think so and i mean we can say that 3971 02:29:39,030 --> 02:29:37,600 they would look on us as ants but that 3972 02:29:40,630 --> 02:29:39,040 is a flawed analogy 3973 02:29:42,150 --> 02:29:40,640 the smarter we've gotten the more we've 3974 02:29:45,030 --> 02:29:42,160 tended to think about 3975 02:29:45,910 --> 02:29:45,040 those things on the smaller scale um you 3976 02:29:47,349 --> 02:29:45,920 know we 3977 02:29:49,030 --> 02:29:47,359 i i won't go so far say that 3978 02:29:51,750 --> 02:29:49,040 intelligence breeds benevolence 3979 02:29:53,750 --> 02:29:51,760 it probably does not but it does breed a 3980 02:29:55,990 --> 02:29:53,760 higher conscience about what's going on 3981 02:29:57,429 --> 02:29:56,000 so i don't think they would think of us 3982 02:29:58,870 --> 02:29:57,439 as we think of ants 3983 02:30:00,309 --> 02:29:58,880 but i do think that there's a very high 3984 02:30:02,150 --> 02:30:00,319 probability that they would think of us 3985 02:30:03,030 --> 02:30:02,160 as way down the totem pole from uh and 3986 02:30:03,750 --> 02:30:03,040 it's probably because it would probably 3987 02:30:05,590 --> 02:30:03,760 be true 3988 02:30:07,429 --> 02:30:05,600 let's take our break let's take our 3989 02:30:09,190 --> 02:30:07,439 break right here i guess tonight 3990 02:30:11,590 --> 02:30:09,200 isaac arthur we're going to come back 3991 02:30:13,510 --> 02:30:11,600 and get into some overtime 3992 02:30:15,270 --> 02:30:13,520 you know it's kind of kind of strange i 3993 02:30:17,590 --> 02:30:15,280 feel like this conversation 3994 02:30:19,110 --> 02:30:17,600 just got started this is fade to black i 3995 02:30:21,110 --> 02:30:19,120 am your host jimmy church 3996 02:30:23,750 --> 02:30:21,120 more with isaac after this short break 3997 02:30:26,710 --> 02:30:23,760 and you can go right now to isaac's 3998 02:30:29,030 --> 02:30:26,720 uh website it is isaacarthur.net the 3999 02:30:35,320 --> 02:30:29,040 links are over at jimmychurchradio.com 4000 02:30:35,330 --> 02:30:49,750 [Music] 4001 02:30:54,070 --> 02:30:52,150 hey what up y'all biblical fox here and 4002 02:30:59,270 --> 02:30:54,080 you are listening to my boy 4003 02:31:09,830 --> 02:31:02,550 despite popular opinion reading a book 4004 02:31:13,670 --> 02:31:11,590 this is jimmy church of fade to black 4005 02:31:16,790 --> 02:31:13,680 and i take life change tea 4006 02:31:17,510 --> 02:31:16,800 supplements every single day it's what i 4007 02:31:20,030 --> 02:31:17,520 do 4008 02:31:23,670 --> 02:31:20,040 click on their banner at 4009 02:31:27,670 --> 02:31:25,830 when you take the beans from central 4010 02:31:30,070 --> 02:31:27,680 america with dashes of 4011 02:31:31,990 --> 02:31:30,080 indonesian and african mixed in and then 4012 02:31:34,790 --> 02:31:32,000 roasted to the dark side of 4013 02:31:35,429 --> 02:31:34,800 fade to black you create the ultimate 4014 02:31:38,710 --> 02:31:35,439 brew of 4015 02:31:39,510 --> 02:31:38,720 fringe introducing the fade to black 4016 02:31:42,790 --> 02:31:39,520 blend from 4017 02:31:45,590 --> 02:31:42,800 river moon coffee yes river moon's 4018 02:31:46,309 --> 02:31:45,600 darkest customized roast was created for 4019 02:31:49,510 --> 02:31:46,319 the love 4020 02:31:52,309 --> 02:31:49,520 of fade to black the alchemy of 4021 02:31:54,950 --> 02:31:52,319 masterful roasting and smoking the beans 4022 02:31:58,630 --> 02:31:54,960 is in every sip of this full-bodied 4023 02:32:01,190 --> 02:31:58,640 dark java i need my coffee doc 4024 02:32:02,150 --> 02:32:01,200 deep with distinct bittersweet chocolate 4025 02:32:04,710 --> 02:32:02,160 highlights 4026 02:32:06,950 --> 02:32:04,720 just like the bunker leaning further 4027 02:32:09,349 --> 02:32:06,960 into the darkness of the roast is 4028 02:32:10,230 --> 02:32:09,359 fade to black blend from river moon 4029 02:32:11,950 --> 02:32:10,240 coffee 4030 02:32:13,990 --> 02:32:11,960 just click on the banner at 4031 02:32:14,389 --> 02:32:14,000 jimmychurchradio.com and use the promo 4032 02:32:18,870 --> 02:32:14,399 code 4033 02:32:22,389 --> 02:32:18,880 f2b blend for 15 off of your order today 4034 02:32:25,990 --> 02:32:24,389 hello my name is billy carson and i'm a 4035 02:32:27,750 --> 02:32:26,000 best-selling author and the founder of 4036 02:32:29,349 --> 02:32:27,760 forbidden knowledge dot tv 4037 02:32:31,590 --> 02:32:29,359 together with my team we have built a 4038 02:32:33,190 --> 02:32:31,600 all new content streaming tv platform 4039 02:32:33,750 --> 02:32:33,200 designed with every family member in 4040 02:32:35,270 --> 02:32:33,760 mind 4041 02:32:36,950 --> 02:32:35,280 if you have ever wanted to travel the 4042 02:32:38,389 --> 02:32:36,960 world and attend lectures and workshops 4043 02:32:39,030 --> 02:32:38,399 from your favorite speakers but weren't 4044 02:32:41,750 --> 02:32:39,040 able to 4045 02:32:42,389 --> 02:32:41,760 look no further forbidden knowledge dot 4046 02:32:44,070 --> 02:32:42,399 tv 4047 02:32:45,910 --> 02:32:44,080 there are dozens of workshops and 4048 02:32:47,990 --> 02:32:45,920 lectures from speakers you know and love 4049 02:32:49,910 --> 02:32:48,000 we have also included amazing categories 4050 02:32:51,670 --> 02:32:49,920 to assure that your consciousness is 4051 02:32:52,389 --> 02:32:51,680 entertained and elevating on a daily 4052 02:32:54,469 --> 02:32:52,399 basis 4053 02:32:55,670 --> 02:32:54,479 amazing interviews ancient history 4054 02:32:57,670 --> 02:32:55,680 ascension knowledge 4055 02:32:58,870 --> 02:32:57,680 wisdom teachings documentaries 4056 02:33:01,110 --> 02:32:58,880 conspiracies 4057 02:33:03,030 --> 02:33:01,120 mysteries health and fitness conscious 4058 02:33:05,190 --> 02:33:03,040 cooking meditations finance 4059 02:33:07,590 --> 02:33:05,200 yoga and so much more to start your free 4060 02:33:10,230 --> 02:33:07,600 trial on any mobile device or computer 4061 02:33:10,710 --> 02:33:10,240 surf there forbidden knowledge dot tv 4062 02:33:12,790 --> 02:33:10,720 that's 4063 02:33:15,030 --> 02:33:12,800 forbidden knowledge with the number four 4064 02:33:19,110 --> 02:33:15,040 forbidden knowledge dot tv 4065 02:33:21,349 --> 02:33:19,120 today 4066 02:33:24,150 --> 02:33:21,359 are you intrigued by paranormal talk 4067 02:33:24,550 --> 02:33:24,160 radio you love the new paranormal radio 4068 02:33:27,510 --> 02:33:24,560 app 4069 02:33:29,349 --> 02:33:27,520 from talk stream live you'll find a 4070 02:33:30,389 --> 02:33:29,359 great selection of talk shows covering 4071 02:33:33,510 --> 02:33:30,399 ufos 4072 02:33:35,910 --> 02:33:33,520 ghosts strange phenomena and much more 4073 02:33:37,670 --> 02:33:35,920 download the paranormal radio app now 4074 02:33:39,590 --> 02:33:37,680 and start listening to the very best in 4075 02:33:41,110 --> 02:33:39,600 paranormal talk entertainment 4076 02:33:43,990 --> 02:33:41,120 including the network you're listening 4077 02:33:46,830 --> 02:33:44,000 to right now the paranormal radio app 4078 02:33:56,309 --> 02:33:46,840 free in google play and the ios app 4079 02:34:00,630 --> 02:33:59,349 it's not a lifestyle we chose we were 4080 02:34:08,630 --> 02:34:00,640 born this way 4081 02:34:26,630 --> 02:34:16,380 this is kjcr jimmychurchradio.com 4082 02:34:29,670 --> 02:34:26,640 [Music] 4083 02:34:32,950 --> 02:34:29,680 welcome back fade to black 4084 02:34:36,070 --> 02:34:32,960 overtime with isaac arthur 4085 02:34:36,790 --> 02:34:36,080 and this is always a fun segment of the 4086 02:34:38,710 --> 02:34:36,800 show 4087 02:34:39,830 --> 02:34:38,720 uh well we've been doing it all night 4088 02:34:42,630 --> 02:34:39,840 with isaac 4089 02:34:45,030 --> 02:34:42,640 but it's uh where we have a more uh 4090 02:34:45,510 --> 02:34:45,040 free-form uh conversation and just get 4091 02:34:48,550 --> 02:34:45,520 some fun 4092 02:34:51,030 --> 02:34:48,560 ideas out kind of take the stress 4093 02:34:52,070 --> 02:34:51,040 out of uh all those difficult questions 4094 02:34:55,670 --> 02:34:52,080 i was laying out 4095 02:34:58,870 --> 02:34:55,680 uh to you isaac uh but i appreciate 4096 02:35:03,190 --> 02:34:58,880 uh your knowledge and but i 4097 02:35:03,429 --> 02:35:03,200 i want to uh uh i i just want to ask you 4098 02:35:06,790 --> 02:35:03,439 a 4099 02:35:08,870 --> 02:35:06,800 this 4100 02:35:10,070 --> 02:35:08,880 earlier with the expansion of the 4101 02:35:13,270 --> 02:35:10,080 universe 4102 02:35:13,990 --> 02:35:13,280 okay when we get into ftl otherwise 4103 02:35:18,150 --> 02:35:14,000 known as 4104 02:35:28,870 --> 02:35:21,990 is it possible as humans 4105 02:35:32,950 --> 02:35:31,510 only in the context of uh universal 4106 02:35:35,110 --> 02:35:32,960 expansion i'd say 4107 02:35:37,190 --> 02:35:35,120 but i i just don't see any way we could 4108 02:35:40,630 --> 02:35:37,200 travel between planets in our own galaxy 4109 02:35:43,910 --> 02:35:40,640 in the fashion speed of light and 4110 02:35:45,990 --> 02:35:43,920 well the okay why 4111 02:35:47,590 --> 02:35:46,000 only inside the context of known physics 4112 02:35:50,469 --> 02:35:47,600 if tomorrow someone comes out with 4113 02:35:52,070 --> 02:35:50,479 negative energy negative matter um if 4114 02:35:53,110 --> 02:35:52,080 someone comes out with 4115 02:35:55,110 --> 02:35:53,120 a couple of different ones that might 4116 02:35:57,110 --> 02:35:55,120 allow it too but those are the big ones 4117 02:35:59,590 --> 02:35:57,120 then i changed my viewpoint on it but i 4118 02:36:00,870 --> 02:35:59,600 think it's so intrinsically linked to 4119 02:36:02,710 --> 02:36:00,880 time travel it's so 4120 02:36:04,710 --> 02:36:02,720 intrinsically linked to infinite energy 4121 02:36:06,630 --> 02:36:04,720 supplies and things like that that 4122 02:36:08,630 --> 02:36:06,640 you have to start looking as if we could 4123 02:36:10,630 --> 02:36:08,640 travel fast in light if we could break 4124 02:36:11,750 --> 02:36:10,640 einstein's basic concept of special 4125 02:36:13,270 --> 02:36:11,760 relativity 4126 02:36:14,630 --> 02:36:13,280 then it's not a question of when we 4127 02:36:16,870 --> 02:36:14,640 would do it it's a question of why 4128 02:36:19,510 --> 02:36:16,880 hasn't already happened because 4129 02:36:20,870 --> 02:36:19,520 most versions of ftl allow you to go 4130 02:36:22,870 --> 02:36:20,880 back in time 4131 02:36:24,469 --> 02:36:22,880 and uh there's always the old joke by 4132 02:36:25,030 --> 02:36:24,479 those ads they say what year was time 4133 02:36:28,550 --> 02:36:25,040 travel 4134 02:36:30,309 --> 02:36:28,560 discovered uh every year you know 4135 02:36:31,270 --> 02:36:30,319 uh there should be you know at that 4136 02:36:33,030 --> 02:36:31,280 point you're not just dealing with 4137 02:36:34,469 --> 02:36:33,040 aliens from another galaxy 4138 02:36:35,990 --> 02:36:34,479 you're dealing with effective aliens 4139 02:36:37,030 --> 02:36:36,000 from your own future you know you have 4140 02:36:38,790 --> 02:36:37,040 to worry about 4141 02:36:40,469 --> 02:36:38,800 is somebody from your far distant future 4142 02:36:41,670 --> 02:36:40,479 going to take over your plan to monitor 4143 02:36:43,270 --> 02:36:41,680 resources 4144 02:36:44,790 --> 02:36:43,280 could we travel back in time to when the 4145 02:36:48,150 --> 02:36:44,800 earth was very new 4146 02:36:51,270 --> 02:36:48,160 and uh colonized back then well 4147 02:36:55,030 --> 02:36:51,280 you've done so many episodes on 4148 02:36:58,469 --> 02:36:55,040 on faster than light uh travel and have 4149 02:37:02,230 --> 02:36:58,479 explored this uh subject so much 4150 02:37:05,429 --> 02:37:02,240 that if okay if we remove 4151 02:37:08,630 --> 02:37:05,439 the the uh 4152 02:37:11,750 --> 02:37:08,640 backwards in time element from it 4153 02:37:15,030 --> 02:37:11,760 and alien civilizations are 4154 02:37:17,110 --> 02:37:15,040 traveling at faster than light we would 4155 02:37:18,389 --> 02:37:17,120 never observe it we would never see it 4156 02:37:21,429 --> 02:37:18,399 where we are looking 4157 02:37:23,270 --> 02:37:21,439 for motion between planets and stars 4158 02:37:24,790 --> 02:37:23,280 out there in the galaxy if this is 4159 02:37:26,870 --> 02:37:24,800 happening 4160 02:37:29,670 --> 02:37:26,880 we would potentially never see it would 4161 02:37:32,070 --> 02:37:29,680 we we wouldn't see any trade routes 4162 02:37:32,950 --> 02:37:32,080 possibly um you know one example that 4163 02:37:34,950 --> 02:37:32,960 comes up is 4164 02:37:36,469 --> 02:37:34,960 what's the what's driving the spaceship 4165 02:37:37,830 --> 02:37:36,479 and then we say you detect it by 4166 02:37:39,429 --> 02:37:37,840 butterflies pushing it 4167 02:37:41,190 --> 02:37:39,439 if it's running on say a black hole for 4168 02:37:42,950 --> 02:37:41,200 instance like a hocking drive 4169 02:37:44,469 --> 02:37:42,960 um you know that way you should be 4170 02:37:46,630 --> 02:37:44,479 seeing all the gamma radiation 4171 02:37:48,309 --> 02:37:46,640 associated to a ship of that mass at a 4172 02:37:51,030 --> 02:37:48,319 very specific frequency 4173 02:37:52,870 --> 02:37:51,040 um same for if people are dicing stars 4174 02:37:55,110 --> 02:37:52,880 up to make lots of o'neill cylinders 4175 02:37:57,429 --> 02:37:55,120 then we should see big blobs at uh 4176 02:37:58,469 --> 02:37:57,439 10 micrometers wavelength associated 4177 02:38:00,070 --> 02:37:58,479 with temperature 4178 02:38:01,750 --> 02:38:00,080 if they are moving from point a to point 4179 02:38:04,070 --> 02:38:01,760 b we should see 4180 02:38:06,309 --> 02:38:04,080 some motion for that there's always 4181 02:38:08,389 --> 02:38:06,319 something left behind for forensics 4182 02:38:09,910 --> 02:38:08,399 maybe if they're traveling faster than 4183 02:38:11,429 --> 02:38:09,920 light we will be seeing 4184 02:38:13,110 --> 02:38:11,439 a particular type of particle being 4185 02:38:14,070 --> 02:38:13,120 created in their wake where there should 4186 02:38:16,150 --> 02:38:14,080 be something 4187 02:38:17,510 --> 02:38:16,160 but if it was like star gates sg-1 style 4188 02:38:19,270 --> 02:38:17,520 where they just have wormhole gates they 4189 02:38:21,190 --> 02:38:19,280 open up between plant and plants 4190 02:38:23,030 --> 02:38:21,200 then no we probably wouldn't say that 4191 02:38:24,389 --> 02:38:23,040 but again with things like that 4192 02:38:26,389 --> 02:38:24,399 we can't be certain they'd be traveling 4193 02:38:28,309 --> 02:38:26,399 inside our universe 4194 02:38:29,590 --> 02:38:28,319 the math on things like wormholes works 4195 02:38:31,030 --> 02:38:29,600 just as well for traveling to another 4196 02:38:32,389 --> 02:38:31,040 universe as to our own 4197 02:38:33,590 --> 02:38:32,399 sure they might be doing that example 4198 02:38:35,349 --> 02:38:33,600 it's just earlier where they travel to 4199 02:38:36,870 --> 02:38:35,359 their own parallel worlds 4200 02:38:38,790 --> 02:38:36,880 but if they are traveling inside our 4201 02:38:40,389 --> 02:38:38,800 universe there has to be some kind of 4202 02:38:41,670 --> 02:38:40,399 effect we could detect 4203 02:38:43,830 --> 02:38:41,680 it might be really tiny and beyond 4204 02:38:48,230 --> 02:38:43,840 ability now though but are we 4205 02:38:50,389 --> 02:38:48,240 observing this all the time and 4206 02:38:51,349 --> 02:38:50,399 immediately thinking it's something 4207 02:38:52,950 --> 02:38:51,359 natural 4208 02:38:54,870 --> 02:38:52,960 something completely mundane right 4209 02:38:56,150 --> 02:38:54,880 that's entirely possible a problem with 4210 02:38:58,230 --> 02:38:56,160 science is that we we 4211 02:38:59,590 --> 02:38:58,240 work from the get-go that's why we say 4212 02:39:00,950 --> 02:38:59,600 always be kind of careful being too 4213 02:39:02,389 --> 02:39:00,960 reductionist on things 4214 02:39:03,910 --> 02:39:02,399 our initial assumption is that 4215 02:39:05,510 --> 02:39:03,920 everything is constant effect in an 4216 02:39:08,469 --> 02:39:05,520 actual universe 4217 02:39:10,230 --> 02:39:08,479 um that is the stance we take for a very 4218 02:39:11,670 --> 02:39:10,240 clear philosophical reason laid out back 4219 02:39:13,670 --> 02:39:11,680 in the early days of it but 4220 02:39:14,790 --> 02:39:13,680 it is still there that's a bias there we 4221 02:39:17,190 --> 02:39:14,800 assume 4222 02:39:18,950 --> 02:39:17,200 everything is a cause and effect in a 4223 02:39:20,070 --> 02:39:18,960 natural universe that is a natural 4224 02:39:22,550 --> 02:39:20,080 effect 4225 02:39:23,510 --> 02:39:22,560 and for that reason if we see something 4226 02:39:24,469 --> 02:39:23,520 that's weird the first thing we do is 4227 02:39:25,910 --> 02:39:24,479 try to figure out what could be 4228 02:39:27,110 --> 02:39:25,920 naturally causing it which is the good 4229 02:39:29,750 --> 02:39:27,120 approach to take but 4230 02:39:30,870 --> 02:39:29,760 well nobody nobody wants to say et in 4231 02:39:34,389 --> 02:39:30,880 the sciences 4232 02:39:35,830 --> 02:39:34,399 right it's not it's not the go-to place 4233 02:39:36,230 --> 02:39:35,840 but it's the same with like alcubierre 4234 02:39:38,150 --> 02:39:36,240 he was 4235 02:39:39,270 --> 02:39:38,160 perfectly allowed to say it right right 4236 02:39:42,070 --> 02:39:39,280 right i know 4237 02:39:42,550 --> 02:39:42,080 lots of like uh uh most astrophysics i 4238 02:39:44,309 --> 02:39:42,560 know 4239 02:39:46,070 --> 02:39:44,319 they chat about this stuff they're all 4240 02:39:47,190 --> 02:39:46,080 raised on star trek too 4241 02:39:49,110 --> 02:39:47,200 uh do they want to be the one who 4242 02:39:50,550 --> 02:39:49,120 publishes the paper saying that's the 4243 02:39:52,389 --> 02:39:50,560 likely interpretation 4244 02:39:53,750 --> 02:39:52,399 well maybe not but the fellow i can't 4245 02:39:54,710 --> 02:39:53,760 believe his name right now jason sunday 4246 02:39:57,270 --> 02:39:54,720 brother for um 4247 02:39:58,150 --> 02:39:57,280 tabby star he came out saying it might 4248 02:39:59,830 --> 02:39:58,160 be 4249 02:40:00,950 --> 02:39:59,840 aliens and we didn't laugh about that 4250 02:40:01,270 --> 02:40:00,960 because there's one thing we all thought 4251 02:40:03,910 --> 02:40:01,280 too 4252 02:40:04,630 --> 02:40:03,920 it might be aliens probably not i 4253 02:40:07,429 --> 02:40:04,640 assumption was 4254 02:40:07,830 --> 02:40:07,439 a scattered debris disk you know but it 4255 02:40:09,110 --> 02:40:07,840 it 4256 02:40:11,110 --> 02:40:09,120 if you go there that's one of the four 4257 02:40:12,790 --> 02:40:11,120 scenes you go that's a bizarre anomaly 4258 02:40:14,870 --> 02:40:12,800 and your brain just says well that maybe 4259 02:40:16,309 --> 02:40:14,880 it's not an army maybe it's unofficial 4260 02:40:18,630 --> 02:40:16,319 but you have a responsibility to try to 4261 02:40:20,389 --> 02:40:18,640 look for the natural options first 4262 02:40:21,670 --> 02:40:20,399 but not the exclusion of not considering 4263 02:40:25,030 --> 02:40:21,680 the artificial 4264 02:40:27,190 --> 02:40:25,040 well then you have omuamua there's a 4265 02:40:29,590 --> 02:40:27,200 that's another classic example 4266 02:40:30,550 --> 02:40:29,600 of obviously the first interstellar 4267 02:40:35,190 --> 02:40:30,560 object 4268 02:40:37,910 --> 02:40:35,200 it increases speed it makes a turn exits 4269 02:40:39,590 --> 02:40:37,920 out of our solar system uh everything 4270 02:40:43,429 --> 02:40:39,600 that it did 4271 02:40:43,990 --> 02:40:43,439 also it was rama it kind of looked like 4272 02:40:47,110 --> 02:40:44,000 rama 4273 02:40:47,990 --> 02:40:47,120 if you really think about it uh nicely 4274 02:40:50,550 --> 02:40:48,000 done 4275 02:40:52,389 --> 02:40:50,560 but um i'm trying to think of the 4276 02:40:55,830 --> 02:40:52,399 physicist from harvard 4277 02:40:59,110 --> 02:40:55,840 who's been pretty vocal over the last uh 4278 02:41:02,309 --> 02:40:59,120 couple of years with omumu yeah and 4279 02:41:03,030 --> 02:41:02,319 uh uh i'll think of it here in just a 4280 02:41:06,870 --> 02:41:03,040 second 4281 02:41:10,550 --> 02:41:06,880 um but over the last six months 4282 02:41:11,349 --> 02:41:10,560 he is he is he's put his career on the 4283 02:41:13,750 --> 02:41:11,359 line 4284 02:41:17,269 --> 02:41:13,760 that this is extraterrestrial that this 4285 02:41:18,630 --> 02:41:17,279 is an extraterrestrial object 4286 02:41:20,550 --> 02:41:18,640 i wish i could remember his name right 4287 02:41:22,070 --> 02:41:20,560 now but i remember him so i know it was 4288 02:41:23,429 --> 02:41:22,080 in the last six months but somebody 4289 02:41:25,429 --> 02:41:23,439 maybe it was a different person too it 4290 02:41:25,990 --> 02:41:25,439 had but somebody was very well known in 4291 02:41:27,429 --> 02:41:26,000 the field 4292 02:41:29,030 --> 02:41:27,439 had said that he thought it was probably 4293 02:41:30,550 --> 02:41:29,040 extraterrestrial or artificial 4294 02:41:32,389 --> 02:41:30,560 i should say good video was 4295 02:41:35,510 --> 02:41:32,399 extraterrestrial um 4296 02:41:37,030 --> 02:41:35,520 or extra solar specifically but uh i 4297 02:41:39,110 --> 02:41:37,040 usually go the other way around and as i 4298 02:41:40,389 --> 02:41:39,120 say if it's an alien probe or an alien 4299 02:41:42,710 --> 02:41:40,399 device it's 4300 02:41:44,150 --> 02:41:42,720 broken because it's not acting like it 4301 02:41:45,670 --> 02:41:44,160 should be which is fine it might be a 4302 02:41:47,110 --> 02:41:45,680 broken probe you know if he's finding 4303 02:41:48,950 --> 02:41:47,120 other people's garbages but of ways we 4304 02:41:50,230 --> 02:41:48,960 find other civilizations 4305 02:41:51,910 --> 02:41:50,240 almost everything we know about other 4306 02:41:53,190 --> 02:41:51,920 civilizations our own past is by looking 4307 02:41:55,269 --> 02:41:53,200 at garbage but 4308 02:41:57,269 --> 02:41:55,279 if a muramura was an artificial 4309 02:41:59,910 --> 02:41:57,279 construct it's a broken one now because 4310 02:42:01,670 --> 02:41:59,920 it's not at the microprobe should 4311 02:42:03,110 --> 02:42:01,680 um either from the point of trying to 4312 02:42:05,590 --> 02:42:03,120 hide itself where it looked at us 4313 02:42:07,990 --> 02:42:05,600 or trying to get in close for a look but 4314 02:42:12,710 --> 02:42:08,000 that works it could be a broken probe 4315 02:42:16,150 --> 02:42:12,720 it uh it it changed velocity 4316 02:42:19,990 --> 02:42:16,160 a few times it did make a turn 4317 02:42:21,349 --> 02:42:20,000 um it was projecting something out of 4318 02:42:23,429 --> 02:42:21,359 the back end of it 4319 02:42:25,750 --> 02:42:23,439 so it could increase speed all of that 4320 02:42:29,590 --> 02:42:25,760 was measured and observed 4321 02:42:32,790 --> 02:42:29,600 um and having that occur naturally 4322 02:42:34,710 --> 02:42:32,800 yeah you know you think so um sure 4323 02:42:36,070 --> 02:42:34,720 how do comets do if you look at a 4324 02:42:37,429 --> 02:42:36,080 comet's motion and you look at it 4325 02:42:39,030 --> 02:42:37,439 strictly from a 4326 02:42:39,910 --> 02:42:39,040 cavalian orbit standpoint you say oh 4327 02:42:40,870 --> 02:42:39,920 that's not right it's not doing what 4328 02:42:42,309 --> 02:42:40,880 it's supposed to 4329 02:42:43,429 --> 02:42:42,319 because it's emitting a rocket flame out 4330 02:42:44,790 --> 02:42:43,439 the back of it that's that's what 4331 02:42:46,150 --> 02:42:44,800 happens when the sunlight strikes it and 4332 02:42:47,110 --> 02:42:46,160 caused stuff to come off 4333 02:42:48,550 --> 02:42:47,120 that thing traveled through the 4334 02:42:50,070 --> 02:42:48,560 interstellar void and collected a lot of 4335 02:42:52,070 --> 02:42:50,080 cold gas on its way that could be 4336 02:42:53,429 --> 02:42:52,080 blowing off it as an ablative rocket 4337 02:42:55,349 --> 02:42:53,439 tail comet tail 4338 02:42:57,030 --> 02:42:55,359 um now others would say well it's not 4339 02:42:58,469 --> 02:42:57,040 the right amount it's not doing quite 4340 02:42:59,110 --> 02:42:58,479 the right amount it should for what it 4341 02:43:00,710 --> 02:42:59,120 did 4342 02:43:02,550 --> 02:43:00,720 but we don't have the very precise 4343 02:43:03,910 --> 02:43:02,560 measurements on either because it's not 4344 02:43:05,030 --> 02:43:03,920 big i think you know we say it looks 4345 02:43:06,469 --> 02:43:05,040 like drama well i think it's only 100 4346 02:43:08,309 --> 02:43:06,479 meters across it's 4347 02:43:09,670 --> 02:43:08,319 it's big but ain't no wrong they know 4348 02:43:12,870 --> 02:43:09,680 what we need or cylinder 4349 02:43:14,389 --> 02:43:12,880 um and uh we can't get really good 4350 02:43:16,630 --> 02:43:14,399 measurements out of things like that 4351 02:43:17,910 --> 02:43:16,640 uh you know if we i'd love to chase 4352 02:43:19,269 --> 02:43:17,920 thing down get a better look at it we'll 4353 02:43:19,750 --> 02:43:19,279 probably get more chance to see more of 4354 02:43:22,630 --> 02:43:19,760 them 4355 02:43:24,150 --> 02:43:22,640 at least i hope so but uh you know we 4356 02:43:24,630 --> 02:43:24,160 can't know that that was not a natural 4357 02:43:26,389 --> 02:43:24,640 object 4358 02:43:28,309 --> 02:43:26,399 in terms of its motion we just know it 4359 02:43:29,910 --> 02:43:28,319 acted very weirdly but then again it's a 4360 02:43:33,830 --> 02:43:29,920 pretty weird object 4361 02:43:36,950 --> 02:43:33,840 and now we have fast radio bursts again 4362 02:43:39,030 --> 02:43:36,960 trying to explain these 4363 02:43:40,150 --> 02:43:39,040 uh the first you know it that it's 4364 02:43:42,870 --> 02:43:40,160 natural 4365 02:43:43,750 --> 02:43:42,880 you know it's just it's a supernova it's 4366 02:43:46,150 --> 02:43:43,760 you know 4367 02:43:48,150 --> 02:43:46,160 these different aspects of it but now 4368 02:43:50,550 --> 02:43:48,160 they're repeating 4369 02:43:53,349 --> 02:43:50,560 and is this starting to confuse science 4370 02:43:55,269 --> 02:43:53,359 a little bit where you're trying to 4371 02:43:56,710 --> 02:43:55,279 you know make it natural but sometimes 4372 02:43:59,110 --> 02:43:56,720 you just can't 4373 02:44:00,550 --> 02:43:59,120 i hope so yeah if you can't if you're 4374 02:44:01,750 --> 02:44:00,560 looking at every anomaly and you're not 4375 02:44:03,349 --> 02:44:01,760 finding something that's confusing and 4376 02:44:06,230 --> 02:44:03,359 weird then you're not doing it right 4377 02:44:07,670 --> 02:44:06,240 um if you know fast radio bus there's 4378 02:44:09,590 --> 02:44:07,680 some phenomena that could potentially 4379 02:44:10,710 --> 02:44:09,600 be it but the goal on these things is 4380 02:44:12,150 --> 02:44:10,720 now to say well 4381 02:44:13,030 --> 02:44:12,160 this is the natural explanation because 4382 02:44:13,830 --> 02:44:13,040 you're not supposed to be trying to 4383 02:44:14,950 --> 02:44:13,840 figure out 4384 02:44:16,150 --> 02:44:14,960 why it's natural it's supposed to be 4385 02:44:17,990 --> 02:44:16,160 trying to figure out what it is that 4386 02:44:19,590 --> 02:44:18,000 might be that it's alien too 4387 02:44:21,030 --> 02:44:19,600 i usually say the good sign that'll be 4388 02:44:22,389 --> 02:44:21,040 artificial is if it's coming up with at 4389 02:44:23,429 --> 02:44:22,399 least two different hits that are we 4390 02:44:25,110 --> 02:44:23,439 owed that way 4391 02:44:26,870 --> 02:44:25,120 two different anomalies you'd associate 4392 02:44:28,790 --> 02:44:26,880 to intelligence because you know again 4393 02:44:29,750 --> 02:44:28,800 if you walk into an alien workshop 4394 02:44:31,830 --> 02:44:29,760 you're gonna know 4395 02:44:33,110 --> 02:44:31,840 that that is an alien workshop or at 4396 02:44:34,469 --> 02:44:33,120 least that's artificial 4397 02:44:35,910 --> 02:44:34,479 regardless whether you know what things 4398 02:44:37,030 --> 02:44:35,920 are the screwdrivers might look like the 4399 02:44:38,469 --> 02:44:37,040 hammers might look long 4400 02:44:40,790 --> 02:44:38,479 but they're not going to look you know 4401 02:44:41,830 --> 02:44:40,800 natural you find one hammer by itself 4402 02:44:43,429 --> 02:44:41,840 you might say well that 4403 02:44:45,670 --> 02:44:43,439 you know it's decayed maybe that's 4404 02:44:48,309 --> 02:44:45,680 natural you find a whole workshop 4405 02:44:49,670 --> 02:44:48,319 yeah you know it's artificial and that's 4406 02:44:51,030 --> 02:44:49,680 what i tend to look for these anomalies 4407 02:44:52,230 --> 02:44:51,040 is the multiple things it's not it's 4408 02:44:53,910 --> 02:44:52,240 tabby's stall 4409 02:44:55,429 --> 02:44:53,920 maybe a dyson sphere says well we look 4410 02:44:56,389 --> 02:44:55,439 at and where's the radio signals for 4411 02:44:58,150 --> 02:44:56,399 that place or 4412 02:44:59,750 --> 02:44:58,160 where's the infrared based heat at 300 4413 02:45:01,670 --> 02:44:59,760 kelvin or something like that 4414 02:45:03,269 --> 02:45:01,680 for the fast radio boss the thing is 4415 02:45:04,389 --> 02:45:03,279 what's the data that's encoded in there 4416 02:45:07,510 --> 02:45:04,399 and why are they doing it 4417 02:45:08,630 --> 02:45:07,520 why why that method of signaling um but 4418 02:45:09,670 --> 02:45:08,640 it might be a natural phenomenon it 4419 02:45:11,990 --> 02:45:09,680 might be artificial 4420 02:45:14,230 --> 02:45:12,000 the goal is not to say what it is is to 4421 02:45:16,710 --> 02:45:14,240 find out what it actually is 4422 02:45:18,150 --> 02:45:16,720 and that is a thing i i warn skeptics 4423 02:45:19,990 --> 02:45:18,160 about is 4424 02:45:21,830 --> 02:45:20,000 you're supposed to be skeptical about 4425 02:45:22,790 --> 02:45:21,840 every possible solution you're not 4426 02:45:24,309 --> 02:45:22,800 supposed to be going in there 4427 02:45:26,150 --> 02:45:24,319 trying to figure out that this thing is 4428 02:45:27,190 --> 02:45:26,160 definitely natural because eventually 4429 02:45:28,469 --> 02:45:27,200 you're going to come across something 4430 02:45:29,110 --> 02:45:28,479 isn't most of our experiences with 4431 02:45:30,870 --> 02:45:29,120 things that are 4432 02:45:33,110 --> 02:45:30,880 artificial uh what's the only problem on 4433 02:45:34,150 --> 02:45:33,120 this planet is artificial origin so 4434 02:45:36,230 --> 02:45:34,160 when you're studying science and 4435 02:45:39,309 --> 02:45:36,240 phenomena phenomena on earth your first 4436 02:45:42,389 --> 02:45:39,319 go-to should be this is artificial 4437 02:45:45,590 --> 02:45:42,399 yeah and uh 4438 02:45:47,750 --> 02:45:45,600 i uh i i 4439 02:45:49,030 --> 02:45:47,760 i did a calculation i did this a couple 4440 02:45:51,910 --> 02:45:49,040 of years ago 4441 02:45:53,910 --> 02:45:51,920 um where i started to think about the 4442 02:45:56,710 --> 02:45:53,920 basics marconi 4443 02:45:58,630 --> 02:45:56,720 television you know how long of these 4444 02:46:00,389 --> 02:45:58,640 radio signals the big ones and 4445 02:46:02,389 --> 02:46:00,399 television signals been 4446 02:46:05,269 --> 02:46:02,399 you know leaving this planet you know 4447 02:46:07,750 --> 02:46:05,279 it's not necessarily the movie contact 4448 02:46:08,309 --> 02:46:07,760 i went the opposite direction i said 4449 02:46:12,389 --> 02:46:08,319 okay 4450 02:46:14,630 --> 02:46:12,399 a hundred years out a hundred years out 4451 02:46:15,429 --> 02:46:14,640 what is out there and and and what do we 4452 02:46:19,190 --> 02:46:15,439 know 4453 02:46:23,670 --> 02:46:19,200 well i came back with a number 4454 02:46:26,389 --> 02:46:23,680 i think it was about 250. it's about 250 4455 02:46:30,389 --> 02:46:29,590 less less than 100 years away light 4456 02:46:32,469 --> 02:46:30,399 years away 4457 02:46:35,190 --> 02:46:32,479 okay it's about 15 thousand dollars 100 4458 02:46:38,309 --> 02:46:35,200 light years but okay 4459 02:46:39,750 --> 02:46:38,319 okay okay well i think my number was 250 4460 02:46:43,349 --> 02:46:39,760 doesn't matter 4461 02:46:46,870 --> 02:46:43,359 in that because 4462 02:46:50,550 --> 02:46:46,880 50 years coming back right 4463 02:46:53,670 --> 02:46:50,560 so it would be 100 years out 4464 02:46:55,510 --> 02:46:53,680 how many how much time coming back to us 4465 02:46:56,950 --> 02:46:55,520 so oh that was my calculation i went 4466 02:46:58,150 --> 02:46:56,960 with four years you're doing a 50 light 4467 02:46:59,990 --> 02:46:58,160 year radius so 15 4468 02:47:01,830 --> 02:47:00,000 50 light year radius and i came up with 4469 02:47:07,269 --> 02:47:01,840 250 stars 4470 02:47:09,750 --> 02:47:07,279 so we should technically start to see 4471 02:47:10,550 --> 02:47:09,760 some kind of response from now moving 4472 02:47:13,269 --> 02:47:10,560 forward 4473 02:47:14,630 --> 02:47:13,279 we wouldn't have gotten it 25 years ago 4474 02:47:16,230 --> 02:47:14,640 right every period of time 4475 02:47:17,670 --> 02:47:16,240 if you double the time that signals out 4476 02:47:19,990 --> 02:47:17,680 there that means eight 4477 02:47:20,950 --> 02:47:20,000 times as many stars that's reached so 4478 02:47:23,429 --> 02:47:20,960 like 4479 02:47:24,070 --> 02:47:23,439 let's say that uh we are not measuring a 4480 02:47:25,910 --> 02:47:24,080 century but 4481 02:47:27,990 --> 02:47:25,920 a thousand years whatever it could have 4482 02:47:29,750 --> 02:47:28,000 got to in a century in a thousand years 4483 02:47:31,990 --> 02:47:29,760 it would have gotten to 4484 02:47:33,990 --> 02:47:32,000 10 cubed of that distance or another 4485 02:47:35,590 --> 02:47:34,000 thousand times me stars 4486 02:47:37,349 --> 02:47:35,600 ten thousand years now you're up to a 4487 02:47:38,870 --> 02:47:37,359 million times many stars 4488 02:47:40,550 --> 02:47:38,880 so that volume of people who could hear 4489 02:47:43,030 --> 02:47:40,560 us is going to just keep going up 4490 02:47:44,550 --> 02:47:43,040 with the cube of the time that's had to 4491 02:47:46,870 --> 02:47:44,560 to reach out to them 4492 02:47:48,070 --> 02:47:46,880 um it's not that me yet but it's getting 4493 02:47:49,510 --> 02:47:48,080 there and it's getting there 4494 02:47:50,790 --> 02:47:49,520 the signal gets weaker right it's going 4495 02:47:51,750 --> 02:47:50,800 down with the well with the square of 4496 02:47:53,830 --> 02:47:51,760 the distance 4497 02:47:55,269 --> 02:47:53,840 but you you know they say how far away 4498 02:47:56,070 --> 02:47:55,279 can you hear a signal and people say 4499 02:47:57,429 --> 02:47:56,080 these numbers say 4500 02:47:59,349 --> 02:47:57,439 you're going to hear it 100 light years 4501 02:48:01,349 --> 02:47:59,359 away i don't know where to get that 4502 02:48:03,030 --> 02:48:01,359 you can build something bigger you know 4503 02:48:04,950 --> 02:48:03,040 it we couldn't hear it 4504 02:48:07,110 --> 02:48:04,960 we couldn't hear it with our current 4505 02:48:07,990 --> 02:48:07,120 dishes but we can build a bigger dish we 4506 02:48:09,429 --> 02:48:08,000 want to 4507 02:48:11,349 --> 02:48:09,439 they can build a bigger dish they want 4508 02:48:12,790 --> 02:48:11,359 to you can build two dishes that are 4509 02:48:14,790 --> 02:48:12,800 half a light year apart that could pick 4510 02:48:16,870 --> 02:48:14,800 out the size of that you build two 4511 02:48:17,910 --> 02:48:16,880 gigantic dishes the size of planet and 4512 02:48:19,429 --> 02:48:17,920 pencil thin 4513 02:48:20,710 --> 02:48:19,439 then i'll light your costs and you'll be 4514 02:48:21,830 --> 02:48:20,720 able to pick a signal out from another 4515 02:48:25,590 --> 02:48:21,840 galaxy 4516 02:48:26,950 --> 02:48:25,600 right exactly so um and and i have two 4517 02:48:29,830 --> 02:48:26,960 questions 4518 02:48:31,670 --> 02:48:29,840 so if if that is the case the first 4519 02:48:32,870 --> 02:48:31,680 one's the simple one the second one is 4520 02:48:36,309 --> 02:48:32,880 your opinion 4521 02:48:39,110 --> 02:48:36,319 but how easy would it be 4522 02:48:39,990 --> 02:48:39,120 at uh you know a thousand light years 4523 02:48:43,349 --> 02:48:40,000 out or 4524 02:48:44,230 --> 02:48:43,359 or a hundred light years out to know the 4525 02:48:47,269 --> 02:48:44,240 direction 4526 02:48:50,790 --> 02:48:47,279 of the the signals coming at you 4527 02:48:51,670 --> 02:48:50,800 are they able to pinpoint into our solar 4528 02:48:54,070 --> 02:48:51,680 system 4529 02:48:55,269 --> 02:48:54,080 they should be it depends on how split 4530 02:48:56,230 --> 02:48:55,279 out they are because you got to do that 4531 02:48:58,389 --> 02:48:56,240 pale axe thing 4532 02:48:59,510 --> 02:48:58,399 that's right that's right yeah and if 4533 02:49:00,950 --> 02:48:59,520 you've got the you know 4534 02:49:02,950 --> 02:49:00,960 if the signals are p over the course of 4535 02:49:04,469 --> 02:49:02,960 a year then you've got your whole plants 4536 02:49:06,469 --> 02:49:04,479 motion so 2au 4537 02:49:08,230 --> 02:49:06,479 right or if you just have a satellite 4538 02:49:09,349 --> 02:49:08,240 that's in your l3 it's on the other side 4539 02:49:11,269 --> 02:49:09,359 of the sun for you that you 4540 02:49:12,870 --> 02:49:11,279 pick yourself simultaneously with that's 4541 02:49:14,230 --> 02:49:12,880 parallax for 2au 4542 02:49:15,910 --> 02:49:14,240 you can pick out pretty good with that 4543 02:49:17,429 --> 02:49:15,920 you know you can pick out most things 4544 02:49:18,790 --> 02:49:17,439 inside this galaxy if you're 4545 02:49:19,830 --> 02:49:18,800 discriminating enough with that 4546 02:49:22,230 --> 02:49:19,840 but you're not limited to that you could 4547 02:49:24,070 --> 02:49:22,240 put one out where pluto is or in another 4548 02:49:26,790 --> 02:49:24,080 star system with your text up for it 4549 02:49:27,750 --> 02:49:26,800 and this i only bring this up because of 4550 02:49:30,790 --> 02:49:27,760 hawking's big 4551 02:49:32,710 --> 02:49:30,800 warning right you got to be careful you 4552 02:49:34,550 --> 02:49:32,720 don't know who's listening 4553 02:49:36,230 --> 02:49:34,560 and i love stephen hawking for that but 4554 02:49:37,349 --> 02:49:36,240 i i have to say he tends to repeat 4555 02:49:38,309 --> 02:49:37,359 things that people had previously said 4556 02:49:41,030 --> 02:49:38,319 and had them attributed to him as 4557 02:49:44,070 --> 02:49:41,040 original like churchill 4558 02:49:47,110 --> 02:49:44,080 um um but 4559 02:49:50,550 --> 02:49:47,120 if you uh were 4560 02:49:54,150 --> 02:49:50,560 looking for or expecting uh 4561 02:49:58,150 --> 02:49:54,160 a reach out from a distant 4562 02:50:02,389 --> 02:49:58,160 start what what would you be looking for 4563 02:50:04,150 --> 02:50:02,399 you know if they are responding to us 4564 02:50:06,070 --> 02:50:04,160 uh i mean you look for everything you 4565 02:50:07,510 --> 02:50:06,080 can think of that might be a sign of 4566 02:50:08,710 --> 02:50:07,520 artificiality but the way i do it 4567 02:50:09,830 --> 02:50:08,720 personally 4568 02:50:11,510 --> 02:50:09,840 i definitely go with at least two 4569 02:50:12,070 --> 02:50:11,520 different methods for the same reason 4570 02:50:14,389 --> 02:50:12,080 but 4571 02:50:15,910 --> 02:50:14,399 i'd probably send a repeating sequence 4572 02:50:16,550 --> 02:50:15,920 of a mathematical sequence something 4573 02:50:19,750 --> 02:50:16,560 like 4574 02:50:21,990 --> 02:50:19,760 1 4 9 16 et cetera in binary 4575 02:50:22,950 --> 02:50:22,000 or i'd send digits of pi in binary you 4576 02:50:25,190 --> 02:50:22,960 know send 4577 02:50:26,389 --> 02:50:25,200 a thousand digits to pi however much 4578 02:50:27,990 --> 02:50:26,399 people might argue about the naturalness 4579 02:50:29,269 --> 02:50:28,000 so say the wow signal 4580 02:50:31,269 --> 02:50:29,279 no one's going to argue about whether or 4581 02:50:31,830 --> 02:50:31,279 not we've got the digits of pi the first 4582 02:50:33,510 --> 02:50:31,840 thousand 4583 02:50:35,190 --> 02:50:33,520 over and over again that's not an actual 4584 02:50:38,070 --> 02:50:35,200 number and that comes along 4585 02:50:38,870 --> 02:50:38,080 interspace with 1 4 you know 9 16 et 4586 02:50:40,389 --> 02:50:38,880 cetera 4587 02:50:42,309 --> 02:50:40,399 that's not natural and you know it's not 4588 02:50:43,269 --> 02:50:42,319 natural and people might come with a 4589 02:50:45,110 --> 02:50:43,279 reason why maybe pi 4590 02:50:46,070 --> 02:50:45,120 was being created by a neutron star 4591 02:50:47,269 --> 02:50:46,080 they're not going to do it at the same 4592 02:50:49,750 --> 02:50:47,279 time saying one for 4593 02:50:51,110 --> 02:50:49,760 9 etc that's how you do that and that's 4594 02:50:53,030 --> 02:50:51,120 not the signal 4595 02:50:54,550 --> 02:50:53,040 although that carries some information 4596 02:50:55,670 --> 02:50:54,560 what's that say that says 4597 02:50:57,670 --> 02:50:55,680 here we are here's where we're 4598 02:51:00,070 --> 02:50:57,680 transmitting from we know where you 4599 02:51:01,110 --> 02:51:00,080 are and we want to talk that's what that 4600 02:51:02,309 --> 02:51:01,120 signal says 4601 02:51:03,590 --> 02:51:02,319 because it's probably not coming as a 4602 02:51:05,750 --> 02:51:03,600 radio signal zombie direction was 4603 02:51:08,790 --> 02:51:05,760 probably coming pinpoint at you 4604 02:51:10,230 --> 02:51:08,800 um i would probably if i was that 4605 02:51:11,590 --> 02:51:10,240 accurate then i'd probably try to send 4606 02:51:12,950 --> 02:51:11,600 the signal and something whatever their 4607 02:51:13,910 --> 02:51:12,960 day length was too 4608 02:51:15,990 --> 02:51:13,920 because you should be able to look at 4609 02:51:17,429 --> 02:51:16,000 their planet their exoplanet and say how 4610 02:51:20,230 --> 02:51:17,439 long the date length is 4611 02:51:21,910 --> 02:51:20,240 you should be able to attack that um you 4612 02:51:22,790 --> 02:51:21,920 should be able to detect what their year 4613 02:51:23,910 --> 02:51:22,800 length is 4614 02:51:25,590 --> 02:51:23,920 so if you're sending them something 4615 02:51:26,870 --> 02:51:25,600 that's uh you know the multiple of their 4616 02:51:27,670 --> 02:51:26,880 day length at your life 4617 02:51:30,230 --> 02:51:27,680 they're going to know that you're 4618 02:51:31,190 --> 02:51:30,240 talking to them specifically and you do 4619 02:51:32,150 --> 02:51:31,200 that because it means they're going to 4620 02:51:33,429 --> 02:51:32,160 answer 4621 02:51:35,110 --> 02:51:33,439 because if they're sending you something 4622 02:51:35,750 --> 02:51:35,120 that's in your own day length at your 4623 02:51:37,190 --> 02:51:35,760 length 4624 02:51:38,550 --> 02:51:37,200 they know that means you already know 4625 02:51:39,830 --> 02:51:38,560 they're there so there's no point in 4626 02:51:42,389 --> 02:51:39,840 hiding 4627 02:51:43,190 --> 02:51:42,399 uh that's probably how i would do that 4628 02:51:46,950 --> 02:51:43,200 so you would 4629 02:51:50,070 --> 02:51:46,960 what about using light instead of 4630 02:51:51,269 --> 02:51:50,080 uh radio yeah laser well that's that's 4631 02:51:52,469 --> 02:51:51,279 what you'd be doing there was a laser 4632 02:51:54,150 --> 02:51:52,479 communication blast doesn't have to 4633 02:51:56,630 --> 02:51:54,160 necessarily be light you might be 4634 02:51:58,150 --> 02:51:56,640 infrared or microwave but you use all 4635 02:51:59,990 --> 02:51:58,160 the above you point at them whatever you 4636 02:52:01,830 --> 02:52:00,000 can focus down on them real well 4637 02:52:02,870 --> 02:52:01,840 and it just depends again if you're 4638 02:52:04,150 --> 02:52:02,880 looking at them and they're already 4639 02:52:06,150 --> 02:52:04,160 transmitting like us 4640 02:52:07,349 --> 02:52:06,160 you know a lot about them you send a 4641 02:52:08,550 --> 02:52:07,359 targeted message at them because that 4642 02:52:11,190 --> 02:52:08,560 tells them 4643 02:52:13,110 --> 02:52:11,200 i'm looking at you specifically this is 4644 02:52:15,110 --> 02:52:13,120 not omnidirectional this is not a 4645 02:52:16,230 --> 02:52:15,120 hey is anybody out there it's a i know 4646 02:52:18,710 --> 02:52:16,240 you're out there 4647 02:52:20,070 --> 02:52:18,720 hello yeah it's it's different stream 4648 02:52:21,910 --> 02:52:20,080 saying scream in the forest 4649 02:52:23,349 --> 02:52:21,920 hi is he where they are versus knocking 4650 02:52:25,670 --> 02:52:23,359 on someone's door 4651 02:52:27,269 --> 02:52:25,680 how do you p how would you pick uh the 4652 02:52:29,030 --> 02:52:27,279 star 4653 02:52:30,389 --> 02:52:29,040 what would you what would be your 4654 02:52:31,429 --> 02:52:30,399 criteria 4655 02:52:33,110 --> 02:52:31,439 it depends on whether or not you've 4656 02:52:34,630 --> 02:52:33,120 already detected them if i was an alien 4657 02:52:35,830 --> 02:52:34,640 and i was singing a complex message 4658 02:52:37,670 --> 02:52:35,840 maybe i've already detected their 4659 02:52:38,469 --> 02:52:37,680 civilization or that there's a inhabited 4660 02:52:39,830 --> 02:52:38,479 planet but 4661 02:52:41,190 --> 02:52:39,840 uh you're not really sending it to 4662 02:52:42,389 --> 02:52:41,200 individual stars at that point you're 4663 02:52:45,510 --> 02:52:42,399 saying to planets 4664 02:52:47,110 --> 02:52:45,520 uh because we should do that now yeah we 4665 02:52:49,269 --> 02:52:47,120 can do that now 4666 02:52:50,469 --> 02:52:49,279 and uh i'd said it to every single one i 4667 02:52:52,070 --> 02:52:50,479 mean if you're sitting with laser 4668 02:52:54,710 --> 02:52:52,080 send everybody the message once a day 4669 02:52:55,269 --> 02:52:54,720 for five seconds and and send to every 4670 02:52:57,190 --> 02:52:55,279 single 4671 02:52:59,110 --> 02:52:57,200 player in the galaxy it's pretty 4672 02:53:01,750 --> 02:52:59,120 fascinating that today 4673 02:53:03,030 --> 02:53:01,760 uh it's one thing to discover exoplanets 4674 02:53:06,710 --> 02:53:03,040 but now 4675 02:53:07,590 --> 02:53:06,720 we are uh especially in the last two 4676 02:53:10,710 --> 02:53:07,600 years 4677 02:53:13,349 --> 02:53:10,720 we've developed the ability to uh 4678 02:53:14,870 --> 02:53:13,359 look at atmosphere on these planets that 4679 02:53:16,790 --> 02:53:14,880 we can't see 4680 02:53:18,790 --> 02:53:16,800 that's pretty that's pretty fascinating 4681 02:53:20,469 --> 02:53:18,800 to me 4682 02:53:21,910 --> 02:53:20,479 and so on wavelengths scatter out for 4683 02:53:23,510 --> 02:53:21,920 certain types of molecules in certain 4684 02:53:25,110 --> 02:53:23,520 proportions you know so we we can tell 4685 02:53:27,030 --> 02:53:25,120 about the atmosphere from that 4686 02:53:28,630 --> 02:53:27,040 um so wavelengths should scatter more 4687 02:53:29,830 --> 02:53:28,640 off of land than they should 4688 02:53:31,110 --> 02:53:29,840 ocean so a certain amount of light 4689 02:53:32,870 --> 02:53:31,120 should be bouncing out the planet based 4690 02:53:34,150 --> 02:53:32,880 on how much it's torn that day so 4691 02:53:36,389 --> 02:53:34,160 again you should be able to tell the day 4692 02:53:38,469 --> 02:53:36,399 length only by seeing the just the 4693 02:53:39,750 --> 02:53:38,479 tiniest variation in how much light that 4694 02:53:41,110 --> 02:53:39,760 planet is giving off even though you 4695 02:53:42,309 --> 02:53:41,120 can't resolve anything about that planet 4696 02:53:44,389 --> 02:53:42,319 other than it's a blur 4697 02:53:47,190 --> 02:53:44,399 it's a blur whose brightness shifts 4698 02:53:49,990 --> 02:53:47,200 every 27.2 hours an hour 4699 02:53:51,030 --> 02:53:50,000 27.2 hour a day you can tell a lot from 4700 02:53:53,830 --> 02:53:51,040 a little pixel 4701 02:53:54,389 --> 02:53:53,840 now whatever i know i know it's just a 4702 02:53:56,950 --> 02:53:54,399 pixel 4703 02:53:58,790 --> 02:53:56,960 it's crazy but what about distance 4704 02:54:02,230 --> 02:53:58,800 though should we be looking at 4705 02:54:03,190 --> 02:54:02,240 the closest stars to us 4706 02:54:04,710 --> 02:54:03,200 we should be looking at the best 4707 02:54:05,990 --> 02:54:04,720 candidates but i mean if you're looking 4708 02:54:07,429 --> 02:54:06,000 to talk to somebody you should probably 4709 02:54:08,950 --> 02:54:07,439 try to talk to the folks closest to your 4710 02:54:10,230 --> 02:54:08,960 first because right so you can answer 4711 02:54:11,110 --> 02:54:10,240 back for them first and 4712 02:54:12,630 --> 02:54:11,120 they're the ones you really want to 4713 02:54:14,950 --> 02:54:12,640 establish a relationship with good or 4714 02:54:17,110 --> 02:54:14,960 nil early on 4715 02:54:18,950 --> 02:54:17,120 do you think that uh our first goal 4716 02:54:22,070 --> 02:54:18,960 should be alpha centauri 4717 02:54:23,190 --> 02:54:22,080 and that's that system uh well we 4718 02:54:24,870 --> 02:54:23,200 it's interesting is we don't actually 4719 02:54:25,990 --> 02:54:24,880 know if proxima centauri is part of the 4720 02:54:27,110 --> 02:54:26,000 alpha centauri system we've always 4721 02:54:30,309 --> 02:54:27,120 assumed it was but 4722 02:54:31,990 --> 02:54:30,319 uh um the first one to get there yeah 4723 02:54:33,510 --> 02:54:32,000 but why not but there's a lot of other 4724 02:54:35,750 --> 02:54:33,520 ones um 4725 02:54:37,269 --> 02:54:35,760 if you're going that distance you know 4726 02:54:39,030 --> 02:54:37,279 you go to the first place you can land 4727 02:54:40,230 --> 02:54:39,040 first but that's not necessarily that'll 4728 02:54:41,510 --> 02:54:40,240 be the closest you want to go the one 4729 02:54:42,950 --> 02:54:41,520 you can actually 4730 02:54:44,790 --> 02:54:42,960 we should travel to the first one we 4731 02:54:46,070 --> 02:54:44,800 find an exoplanet around that we 4732 02:54:47,990 --> 02:54:46,080 actually have a chance of setting up 4733 02:54:49,510 --> 02:54:48,000 shop on that's that that 4734 02:54:53,030 --> 02:54:49,520 might not be alpha centauri that might 4735 02:54:54,389 --> 02:54:53,040 be tau city i i remember uh 4736 02:54:56,309 --> 02:54:54,399 this is about a year and a half you 4737 02:54:58,710 --> 02:54:56,319 probably remember this 4738 02:55:00,710 --> 02:54:58,720 when the big news was proxima right oh 4739 02:55:04,070 --> 02:55:00,720 it's the right distance it's rocky and 4740 02:55:04,469 --> 02:55:04,080 uh you know we don't know if it's if 4741 02:55:07,110 --> 02:55:04,479 it's 4742 02:55:09,030 --> 02:55:07,120 rotating or if one side is exposed they 4743 02:55:10,309 --> 02:55:09,040 get real casual with what they say is 4744 02:55:12,550 --> 02:55:10,319 earthlings yeah right 4745 02:55:14,630 --> 02:55:12,560 right that is less like us than venus 4746 02:55:16,070 --> 02:55:14,640 and or you know that planet is neptune 4747 02:55:19,110 --> 02:55:16,080 and that's not what it like 4748 02:55:21,190 --> 02:55:19,120 and that yeah yeah exactly and uh 4749 02:55:22,230 --> 02:55:21,200 and so right after that announcement for 4750 02:55:25,670 --> 02:55:22,240 proxima 4751 02:55:27,510 --> 02:55:25,680 came out it got blasted with uh a plasma 4752 02:55:29,510 --> 02:55:27,520 burst and the entire planet was just 4753 02:55:31,910 --> 02:55:29,520 absolutely incinerated so any 4754 02:55:34,070 --> 02:55:31,920 hopes of now it's just a big chunk of 4755 02:55:36,550 --> 02:55:34,080 carbon 4756 02:55:37,910 --> 02:55:36,560 right do you remember that announcement 4757 02:55:41,030 --> 02:55:37,920 it was so funny 4758 02:55:46,070 --> 02:55:41,040 um oh man we're out of time 4759 02:55:51,110 --> 02:55:49,190 uh what's next are you in production now 4760 02:55:53,030 --> 02:55:51,120 oh yeah we have an episode uh i have to 4761 02:55:53,750 --> 02:55:53,040 get ready to prep for last uh tomorrow 4762 02:55:55,269 --> 02:55:53,760 it's uh 4763 02:55:56,790 --> 02:55:55,279 civilizations at the beginning of time 4764 02:55:58,150 --> 02:55:56,800 we're gonna try to figure out how early 4765 02:55:58,870 --> 02:55:58,160 life could have started this universe 4766 02:56:02,389 --> 02:55:58,880 and uh 4767 02:56:03,990 --> 02:56:02,399 you know running around through some 4768 02:56:05,269 --> 02:56:04,000 scenarios where i give you migrated to 4769 02:56:07,030 --> 02:56:05,279 another universe to escape the heat 4770 02:56:09,269 --> 02:56:07,040 death what that might look like so 4771 02:56:13,670 --> 02:56:09,279 well oh you know what i wanted to ask 4772 02:56:16,790 --> 02:56:13,680 let's see if we can squeeze this in um 4773 02:56:19,110 --> 02:56:16,800 do you think that we will overcome the 4774 02:56:21,429 --> 02:56:19,120 issues with mars do you think we will 4775 02:56:23,030 --> 02:56:21,439 colonize mars do we have a choice 4776 02:56:24,389 --> 02:56:23,040 i think we will just because we really 4777 02:56:26,389 --> 02:56:24,399 want to i don't think it's the best 4778 02:56:27,990 --> 02:56:26,399 candidate for colonization in many ways 4779 02:56:29,349 --> 02:56:28,000 venus is better or just a random 4780 02:56:31,750 --> 02:56:29,359 asteroid but 4781 02:56:32,950 --> 02:56:31,760 i think we will we want to we want to do 4782 02:56:39,190 --> 02:56:32,960 it so we're going to do it that's 4783 02:56:42,469 --> 02:56:41,429 our fascination with it is because it's 4784 02:56:45,030 --> 02:56:42,479 close 4785 02:56:45,750 --> 02:56:45,040 it kind of looks like earth right kind 4786 02:56:49,510 --> 02:56:45,760 of looks like 4787 02:56:51,429 --> 02:56:49,520 mountains it kind of stands not die yeah 4788 02:56:53,349 --> 02:56:51,439 you know it's almost you know i think 4789 02:56:55,030 --> 02:56:53,359 that's the fascination but the other 4790 02:56:55,830 --> 02:56:55,040 things that we have to overcome because 4791 02:56:59,429 --> 02:56:55,840 it's got a 4792 02:57:03,269 --> 02:56:59,439 no 4793 02:57:06,870 --> 02:57:03,279 protection uh from the sun really 4794 02:57:09,670 --> 02:57:06,880 uh the temperature is something that 4795 02:57:10,389 --> 02:57:09,680 really can't be overcome terraforming it 4796 02:57:13,590 --> 02:57:10,399 you know there's 4797 02:57:15,190 --> 02:57:13,600 all of these issues with mars i just 4798 02:57:17,269 --> 02:57:15,200 don't know if we will ever 4799 02:57:19,030 --> 02:57:17,279 you know like have cities there 4800 02:57:21,349 --> 02:57:19,040 colonized and antarctica will be 4801 02:57:23,030 --> 02:57:21,359 so but maybe we'll colonize antarctica 4802 02:57:23,990 --> 02:57:23,040 but it's just one of those things it's 4803 02:57:25,349 --> 02:57:24,000 going to be harder colonized in 4804 02:57:28,469 --> 02:57:25,359 antarctica 4805 02:57:31,269 --> 02:57:28,479 but okay so what what day of the week 4806 02:57:31,830 --> 02:57:31,279 do you uh publish the new shows thursday 4807 02:57:33,510 --> 02:57:31,840 mornings 4808 02:57:34,950 --> 02:57:33,520 we should have it out about uh well 4809 02:57:36,070 --> 02:57:34,960 usually about 9 00 a.m on 4810 02:57:37,750 --> 02:57:36,080 thursday mornings usually when the 4811 02:57:40,070 --> 02:57:37,760 episodes come out how many people are 4812 02:57:42,230 --> 02:57:40,080 involved with each production 4813 02:57:43,190 --> 02:57:42,240 oh well i mean fundamentally it's still 4814 02:57:45,349 --> 02:57:43,200 a show of one 4815 02:57:47,110 --> 02:57:45,359 but uh we've had the same cover artist 4816 02:57:49,349 --> 02:57:47,120 jacob grigo for uh for 4817 02:57:50,150 --> 02:57:49,359 four years now and there's a lot of 4818 02:57:51,510 --> 02:57:50,160 volunteers 4819 02:57:52,630 --> 02:57:51,520 and they come in the go on each getting 4820 02:57:53,990 --> 02:57:52,640 different project but there's at least 4821 02:57:55,269 --> 02:57:54,000 100 people i think we did the 4822 02:57:57,670 --> 02:57:55,279 end of the year thank you one had like 4823 02:57:59,110 --> 02:57:57,680 100 people in it so it's usually only 4824 02:57:59,670 --> 02:57:59,120 about five or six involved in a given 4825 02:58:02,630 --> 02:57:59,680 episode 4826 02:58:03,349 --> 02:58:02,640 yeah just fantastic uh congratulations 4827 02:58:06,070 --> 02:58:03,359 uh to 4828 02:58:06,389 --> 02:58:06,080 to your success you deserve all of it 4829 02:58:07,990 --> 02:58:06,399 and 4830 02:58:09,590 --> 02:58:08,000 uh just thank you so much what another 4831 02:58:11,429 --> 02:58:09,600 great conversation isaac 4832 02:58:13,110 --> 02:58:11,439 and uh just be safe out there wash your 4833 02:58:15,830 --> 02:58:13,120 hands wear a face mask 4834 02:58:18,150 --> 02:58:15,840 and uh let's uh get through 2021 4835 02:58:19,910 --> 02:58:18,160 together man thank you so much oh thanks 4836 02:58:23,309 --> 02:58:19,920 for having me on have a great week 4837 02:58:24,469 --> 02:58:23,319 you're the best isaac arthur now it's 4838 02:58:26,870 --> 02:58:24,479 isaacarthur.net 4839 02:58:27,830 --> 02:58:26,880 head over there all the youtube stuff 4840 02:58:31,190 --> 02:58:27,840 everything else 4841 02:58:33,670 --> 02:58:31,200 is is right there at isaacarthur.net 4842 02:58:35,110 --> 02:58:33,680 and that wraps poll to poll another 4843 02:58:38,309 --> 02:58:35,120 episode of fade to black 4844 02:58:40,070 --> 02:58:38,319 and tomorrow night is open lines 4845 02:58:41,830 --> 02:58:40,080 open lines tomorrow night's fader night 4846 02:58:44,790 --> 02:58:41,840 i am your host jimmy church 4847 02:58:45,510 --> 02:58:44,800 what a great i just enjoyed tonight and 4848 02:58:55,110 --> 02:58:45,520 i 4849 02:58:58,389 --> 02:58:55,120 are steve harter gene vettel mark d 4850 02:59:00,910 --> 02:58:58,399 kovar webmaster is drew the geek music 4851 02:59:02,469 --> 02:59:00,920 doug aldrich introspaceboy 4852 02:59:04,630 --> 02:59:02,479 spaceboymusic.com 4853 02:59:06,230 --> 02:59:04,640 painted black is produced by kjcr for 4854 02:59:07,750 --> 02:59:06,240 the game changer network and syndication 4855 02:59:09,910 --> 02:59:07,760 is kgra 4856 02:59:12,469 --> 02:59:09,920 the planet this broadcast owned 4857 02:59:14,630 --> 02:59:12,479 copyrighted 2021 by fade to black and 4858 02:59:16,630 --> 02:59:14,640 the game changer network inc 4859 02:59:18,150 --> 02:59:16,640 it cannot be re-broadcast downloaded 4860 02:59:18,870 --> 02:59:18,160 copied or used anywhere in the known 4861 02:59:20,550 --> 02:59:18,880 universe 4862 02:59:21,990 --> 02:59:20,560 without written permission from fade to 4863 02:59:23,190 --> 02:59:22,000 block of the game changer network i'm 4864 02:59:24,790 --> 02:59:23,200 your host jimmy church 4865 02:59:27,269 --> 02:59:24,800 i'll see everybody tomorrow night with 4866 02:59:28,630 --> 02:59:27,279 open lines it is fader night it is 4867 02:59:32,940 --> 02:59:28,640 thursday 4868 02:59:33,120 --> 02:59:32,950 until then everybody be safe fade to 4869 02:59:40,830 --> 02:59:33,130 [Applause] 4870 02:59:54,830 --> 02:59:43,740 block 4871 02:59:56,230 --> 02:59:54,840 [Music]